2021-12-09 统计学-基于R（第四版）第九章课后习题记录及总结

先声明，本博客为个人作业不一定为标准答案，仅供参考

9.1 题目如下

 各模型结果汇总：

> model1<-lm(y1~x1,data=anscombe)
> summary(model1)

Call:
lm(formula = y1 ~ x1, data = anscombe)

Residuals:
     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
-1.92127 -0.45577 -0.04136  0.70941  1.83882 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
(Intercept)   3.0001     1.1247   2.667  0.02573 * 
x1            0.5001     0.1179   4.241  0.00217 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.237 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.6665,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.6295 
F-statistic: 17.99 on 1 and 9 DF,  p-value: 0.00217

> model2<-lm(y2~x2,data=anscombe)
> summary(model2)

Call:
lm(formula = y2 ~ x2, data = anscombe)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-1.9009 -0.7609  0.1291  0.9491  1.2691 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
(Intercept)    3.001      1.125   2.667  0.02576 * 
x2             0.500      0.118   4.239  0.00218 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.237 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.6662,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.6292 
F-statistic: 17.97 on 1 and 9 DF,  p-value: 0.002179

> model3<-lm(y3~x3,data=anscombe)
> summary(model3)

Call:
lm(formula = y3 ~ x3, data = anscombe)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-1.1586 -0.6146 -0.2303  0.1540  3.2411 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
(Intercept)   3.0025     1.1245   2.670  0.02562 * 
x3            0.4997     0.1179   4.239  0.00218 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.236 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.6663,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.6292 
F-statistic: 17.97 on 1 and 9 DF,  p-value: 0.002176

> model4<-lm(y4~x4,data=anscombe)
> summary(model4)

Call:
lm(formula = y4 ~ x4, data = anscombe)

Residuals:
   Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
-1.751 -0.831  0.000  0.809  1.839 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
(Intercept)   3.0017     1.1239   2.671  0.02559 * 
x4            0.4999     0.1178   4.243  0.00216 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.236 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.6667,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.6297 
F-statistic:    18 on 1 and 9 DF,  p-value: 0.002165

比较可知：各模型基本相同

散点图：

> par(mfrow=c(2,2),cex=0.8,cex.main=0.7)
> plot(anscombe$x1,anscombe$y1,pch=19,col="green4",xlab="x1",ylab="y1")
> abline(lm(anscombe$y1~anscombe$x1),lwd=2,col="red")
> plot(anscombe$x2,anscombe$y2,pch=19,col="green4",xlab="x2",ylab="y2")
> abline(lm(anscombe$y2~anscombe$x2),lwd=2,col="red")
> plot(anscombe$x3,anscombe$y3,pch=19,col="green4",xlab="x3",ylab="y3")
> abline(lm(anscombe$y3~anscombe$x3),lwd=2,col="red")
> plot(anscombe$x4,anscombe$y4,pch=19,col="green4",xlab="x4",ylab="y4")
> abline(lm(anscombe$y4~anscombe$x4),lwd=2,col="red")

 散点图显示，只有模型1和模型4是正确的，其余的都不正确，应考虑建立非线性模型

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9.2 题目如下

 

 （1）

> example9_2<-read.csv("D:/作业/统计学R/《统计学—基于R》（第4版）—例题和习题数据（公开资源）/exercise/chap09/exercise9_2.csv")
> model<-lm(投诉次数~航班准点率,data=example9_2)
> summary(model)

Call:
lm(formula = 投诉次数 ~ 航班准点率, data = example9_2)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-24.678 -11.412  -2.078  16.322  24.615 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) 430.1892    72.1548   5.962 0.000337 ***
航班准点率   -4.7006     0.9479  -4.959 0.001108 ** 
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 18.89 on 8 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.7545,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.7239 
F-statistic: 24.59 on 1 and 8 DF,  p-value: 0.001108

回归系数=-4.7006表示，航班准点率每增加1%，投诉次数平均减少4.7次

（2）

H₀:β₁=0(自变量对因变量的影响不显著)  H₁:β₁=0(自变量对因变量的影响显著)

见第一题中p=0.001108<0.05，拒绝原假设，回归系数显著

（3）

> x0<-data.frame(航班准点率=80)
> predict(model,newdata=x0)
       1 
54.13942 

估计的投诉次数为54.13942 

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9.3 题目如下

 回归模型如下：

> example9_3<-read.csv("D:/作业/统计学R/《统计学—基于R》（第4版）—例题和习题数据（公开资源）/exercise/chap09/exercise9_3.csv")
> model<-lm(销售额.万元~广告费支出.万元,data=example9_3)
> summary(model)

Call:
lm(formula = 销售额.万元 ~ 广告费支出.万元, data = example9_3)

Residuals:
       1        2        3        4        5        6        7 
-11.9466  -0.4941   8.4110   1.3160   7.1261   1.9362  -6.3487 

Coefficients:
                Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
(Intercept)      29.3991     4.8073   6.116  0.00169 **
广告费支出.万元   1.5475     0.4635   3.339  0.02058 * 
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 7.878 on 5 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.6903,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.6284 
F-statistic: 11.15 on 1 and 5 DF,  p-value: 0.02058

模型各项检验显著，R²=69.03%，拟合程度较好

诊断图如下：

> plot(model)

 诊断图显示，残差满足正态性，方差齐性可能需要进一步分析。。

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本次记录就到这。