蓝桥杯之单片机学习（六）——矩阵键盘的扫描原理与基本应用

一、训练任务

在CT107D单片机综合训练平台上，首先将J5处的跳帽接到1-2引脚， 使按键S4-S19按键组成4X4的矩阵键盘。在扫描按键的过程中，发现有按键触发信号后(不做去抖动)，待按键松开后，在数码管的第一位显示相应的数字:从左至右，从上倒下，依次显示0~F.

二、原理图

从左端输入低电平为0时，即为扫描该行，如果按键按下，右端输出低电平为0，如果按键没按下，右端输出高电平为1。

对所有行进行输入，如1011，则是对第二行进行扫描，然后对列依次进行检测，检测到1，则是没有按下，检测到0则按键按下。

三、代码展示

#include <reg52.h>

typedef unsigned int uint;
typedef unsigned char uchar;

sfr P4 = 0XC0;

sbit R1 = P3^0;
sbit R2 = P3^1;
sbit R3 = P3^2;
sbit R4 = P3^3;

sbit C4 = P3^4;
sbit C3 = P3^5;
sbit C2 = P4^2; //P36 -> P42
sbit C1 = P4^4; //P37 -> P44

void DelayK(uint n)
{
	while(n--);
}

uchar code SMG_duanma[18] = 
	{0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90,
	 0x88,0x80,0xc6,0xc0,0x86,0x8e,
	 0xbf,0x7f};//分别是0-9（对应下标），A-F，“-”，“.”

//配置HC138
void SelectHC138(uchar channel)
{
	switch(channel)
	{
		case 4:
			P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0X80;
		break;
		case 5:
			P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0Xa0;
		break;
		case 6:
			P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0Xc0;
		break;
		case 7:
			P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0Xe0;
		break;
	}
}

//初始化系统
void Initsys()
{
	SelectHC138(5);
	P0 = 0X00;//关闭蜂鸣器和继电器
	SelectHC138(4);
	P0 = 0XFF;//关闭LED
}

void DisplayKeyNum(uchar dat)
{
	SelectHC138(6);
	P0 = 0X01;
	SelectHC138(7);
	P0 = SMG_duanma[dat];
}

uchar key_num;
void ScanKeyMulti()
{
	R1 = 0;
	R2 = R3 = R4 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 0;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C1 == 0);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 1;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C2 == 0);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 2;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C3 == 0);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 3;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C4 == 0);
	}
	R2 = 0;
	R1 = R3 = R4 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 4;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C1 == 0);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 5;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C2 == 0);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 6;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C3 == 0);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 7;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C4 == 0);
	}
	R3 = 0;
	R2 = R1 = R4 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 8;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C1 == 0);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 9;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C2 == 0);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 10;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C3 == 0);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 11;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C4 == 0);
	}

	R4 = 0;
	R2 = R3 = R1 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 12;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C1 == 0);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 13;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C2 == 0);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 14;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C3 == 0);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		key_num = 15;
		DisplayKeyNum(key_num);
		while(C4 == 0);
	}
	
}

void main()
{
	Initsys();
	while(1)
	{
		ScanKeyMulti();
	}
}

注意事项

1. 眺帽接到KBD，才是矩阵键盘
2. 在头文件reg52.h中没有定义P4的地址，需要自己配置，为sfr P4 = 0XC0
3. 
   看电路图是否引脚是否发生变化