大数据—Hadoop（三）_ HDFS_02、Shell相关操作

大数据之负

已于 2022-10-23 22:43:07 修改

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分类专栏： Hadoop 文章标签： hadoop hdfs 大数据

于 2022-10-09 21:28:56 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_52968216/article/details/127233214

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文章目录

1、基本语法
2、命令大全
3、常用命令实操

1、基本语法

hadoop fs 具体命令 OR hdfs dfs 具体命令

2、命令大全

hadoop fs

Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-checksum <src> ...]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] [-e] <path> ...]
[-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>]
[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
[-du [-s] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ...]
[-expunge]
[-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
[-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
[-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
[-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>]
[-head <file>]
[-help [cmd ...]]
[-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [-e] [<path> ...]]
[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
[-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...]
[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
[-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
[-stat [format] <path> ...]
[-tail [-f] [-s <sleep interval>] <file>]
[-test -[defsz] <path>]
[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-touch [-a] [-m] [-t TIMESTAMP ] [-c] <path> ...]
[-touchz <path> ...]
[-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...]
[-usage [cmd ...]]

3、常用命令实操

3.1 准备工作

学习基础语法的时候，可以只开启hdfs

sbin/start-dfs.sh

遇到不懂的命令

hadoop fs -help mkdir

[atguigu@hadoop102 ~]$ hadoop fs -help mkdir
-mkdir [-p] <path> ... :
Create a directory in specified location.
-p  Do not fail if the directory already exists

创建三国文件夹

hadoop fs -mkdir /sanguo

3.2 上传

剪切

-moveFromLocal （从本地剪切文件到HDFS）
	hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /sanguo
		区分大小写

复制

-copyFromLocal（从本地复制文件到HDFS）
	hadoop fs -copyFromLocal ./weiguo.txt /sanguo
-put
	hadoop fs -put ./wuguo.txt ./sanguo

追加

-appendToFile（追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾）
	hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo.txt

3.3 下载

复制到本地

-copyToLocal（从HDFS拷贝到本地）
	hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./
-get （功能和-copyToLocal 完全一致）
	hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./shuguo2.txt

3.4 HDFS直接操作

-ls
	hadoop fs -ls /sanguo
-cat
	hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/weiguo.txt
-chgrp、-chmod、-chown
	hadoop fs -chown atguigu:atguigu /sanguo/shuguo.txt
-mkdir
	hadoop fs -mkdir /jinguo
-cp
	hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo.txt /jinguo
-mv
	hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/wuguo.txt /jinguo
-tail
	hadoop fs -tail /jinguo/shuguo.txt
		显示最后1KB
-rm
	hadoop fs -rm /sanguo/shuguo.txt
		删除文件（尚硅谷课件里写可以删除文件夹，试了后发现不行）
			[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /a
			[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /a
			rm: `/a': Is a directory
-rm -r
	hadoop fs -rm -r /sanguo
		删除文件和文件夹的内容
			只有r，没有f
-du -s -h （统计文件夹的大小信息）
	hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo
		27  81  /jinguo
		27表示文件大小；81表示27*3个副本
	hadoop fs -du  -h /jinguo
		14  42  /jinguo/shuguo.txt
		7   21  /jinguo/weiguo.txt
		6   18  /jinguo/wuguo.txt
-setrep
	hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt
	设置副本数为10