【Python之numpy库】9.np.random 随机数生成模块常见函数

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目录

1.rand(d0,d1,...,dn)

2.randn(d0,d1,...dn)

3.randint(low,high=None,size=None,dtype='l')

4.uniform(low,high=None,size=None,dtype='l')

5.normal(loc=0.0,scale=1.0,size=None)

6.shuffle(x)

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1.rand(d0,d1,...,dn)

生成n+1维的[0,1)上均匀分布的随机数

import numpy as np

a = np.random.rand(3)
b = np.random.rand(3, 4)
print(a)
print(b)

结果：

[0.53764895 0.57992525 0.95080756]
[[0.10560294 0.81405897 0.2362602  0.60134521]
 [0.46502367 0.756167   0.63984261 0.27547203]
 [0.40654433 0.46825262 0.5901501  0.36764949]]

2.randn(d0,d1,...dn)

生成n+1维的标准正态分布（均值为0，方差为1）的随机数

import numpy as np

a = np.random.randn(3)
b = np.random.randn(3, 4)
print(a)
print(b)

结果：

[ 1.00909711 -0.68616487  1.71452377]
[[-0.35903461  1.03645835  0.50309653  0.192538  ]
 [ 0.13412644 -1.04574046  0.9179926  -0.97724862]
 [-0.35891045  1.17398658  0.1928502  -0.18945865]]

3.randint(low,high=None,size=None,dtype='l')

生成区间[low,high)上size个的随机整数，若不填size则默认为1

import numpy as np

a = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=10)
b = np.random.randint(-5, 5)
print(a)
print(b)

结果：

[3 6 4 2 1 2 0 8 3 6]
-1

4.uniform(low,high=None,size=None,dtype='l')

生成区间[low,high)上均匀分布的随机数

import numpy as np

a = np.random.uniform(0, 10, size=10)
b = np.random.uniform(-5, 5)
print(a)
print(b)

结果：

[7.57778973 6.70388913 7.97374359 7.97675231 3.96311451 2.49652624
 6.9862527  5.40859836 1.46221567 0.61838655]
1.102540596182454

5.normal(loc=0.0,scale=1.0,size=None)

生成正态分布随机数，loc是均值，scale是方差，不填默认为标准正态分布

import numpy as np

a = np.random.normal(0, 1, size=10)
b = np.random.normal(-5, 5)
print(a)
print(b)

结果：

[-0.03398742 -0.80711951  0.28590543 -1.30518972 -0.50824908  1.05418397
 -1.26035905  0.88178835 -1.34705773 -0.3798696 ]
-14.3333409720805

6.shuffle(x)

随机打乱原先的列表或数组x

import numpy as np

a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
np.random.shuffle(a)
np.random.shuffle(b)
print(a)
print(b)

结果： 

[2 3 6 4 5 7 1 8]
[7, 2, 8, 4, 5, 3, 6, 1]