向下转型的意义

原文链接
场景
去商场买电子产品（父）（手机。电脑等），我们决定买 一台Thinkpad，一个鼠标和一个键盘（子）。放入购物车同时可以使用并测试产品（向下转型的作用）。

放入购物车：

 List<electronics> mlist = new ArrayList<electronics>();

• 此处用到泛型的知识，因为不用泛型的话，就得弄三个list 。list<Thinkpad> list<mouse>
  list<keyboard>
• 将三个产品视作电子产品 放入购物车== 向上转型`

测试产品:

• 向下转型

 Thinkpad thinkpad=(Thinkpad) shopcar.getListItem(0);
        thinkpad.boot();
        thinkpad.program();

1.电子产品

package com.jiang.obj2;

public abstract class electronics {
}

2.Thinkpad

package com.jiang.obj2;

public class Thinkpad  extends electronics{
    //Thinkpad引导方法
    public void boot(){
        System.out.println("welcome,I am Thinkpad");
    }

    //使用Thinkpad编程
    public void program(){
        System.out.println("using Thinkpad program");
    }
}

3.mouse

package com.jiang.obj2;

public class mouse extends electronics {
    //鼠标移动
    public void move(){
        System.out.println("move the mouse");
    }

    //鼠标点击
    public void onClick(){
        System.out.println("a click of the mouse");
    }

}

4.keyboard

package com.jiang.obj2;

public class mouse extends electronics {
    //鼠标移动
    public void move(){
        System.out.println("move the mouse");
    }

    //鼠标点击
    public void onClick(){
        System.out.println("a click of the mouse");
    }

}

5.shopcar

package com.jiang.obj2;

import com.jiang.obj2.electronics;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class shopcar {

    private List<electronics> mlist = new ArrayList<electronics>();
    //此处用到泛型的知识，因为不用泛型的话，就得弄三个list list<Thinkpad> list<mouse> list<keyboard>
    //将三个产品视作电子产品 放入购物车== 向上转型

    public void add(electronics electronics){

        mlist.add(electronics);
    }


    public int getSize(){

        return mlist.size();
    }


    public electronics getListItem(int position){

        return mlist.get(position);
    }
}

6.测试

package com.jiang.obj2;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        shopcar shopcar=new shopcar();
        shopcar.add(new Thinkpad());
        shopcar.add(new mouse());
        shopcar.add(new keyboard());

        System.out.println(shopcar.getSize());

        //electronics listItem = shopcar.getListItem(0);
        Thinkpad thinkpad=(Thinkpad) shopcar.getListItem(0);
        thinkpad.boot();
        thinkpad.program();
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        mouse mouse=(mouse) shopcar.getListItem(1);
        mouse.move();
        mouse.onClick();
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        keyboard keyboard=(keyboard) shopcar.getListItem(2);
        keyboard.input();

    }
}

7.结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=50289:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_291\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA_Project\XML\target\classes;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\org\dom4j\dom4j\2.1.3\dom4j-2.1.3.jar;C:\Users\JR2002\.m2\repository\jaxen\jaxen\1.2.0\jaxen-1.2.0.jar" com.jiang.obj2.Test
3
welcome,I am Thinkpad
using Thinkpad program
--------------------------
move the mouse
a click of the mouse
--------------------------
using Keyboard input

Process finished with exit code 0