Boot camp notes

Python foudation

Varibles,Expressions, and Statements

1. Varibles Naming Rules: Must start with a letter or underscore _

x, y, z = 12.2, 14, 'Python' 
# the right hand side is actually a tuple. We will learn tuples at a later time.
print(x, y, z)

2. Arithmetic Operators:

**	power
/	division
%	remiander
//	quotient

3. hashtag#
4. About the is operator
   
   is checks whether both the operands refer to the same object or not, i.e., the same id.
   
   == compares the values only.

a,b=2,2
a is b 
>>False
a == b
>>True

Conditionals

1. nested conditionals

if...:
	if...:
	

2. chained conditionals

if...:
elif...:
else:

3. try/except structure

inp = input('Enter Fahrenheit Temperature: ')

try:
    fahr = float(inp)
    cel = (fahr - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0
    print(cel)
except:
    print('Please enter a number')

>>Enter Fahrenheit Temperature: MSBA
>>Please enter a number

Functions

1. routine

def fuc(a,b):
	return a+b

2. lambda expression
   one-line; anonymous
   can difine a variable by condition to go on！！

addone = lambda x: x+1
sumup = lambda x, y: x+y
sumup(1,2)
>>3

# conditional output
compare = lambda x: x*2 if x < 10 else x 
compare(12)
>>12
compare(5)
>>10

# directly execute the lambda function
v = (lambda x: x * x)(100)
v
>>10000

#conbined fuc&lambda
my_list = [12, 65, 54, 39, 102, 339, 221, 50, 70]
result = filter(lambda x: (x % 13 == 0), my_list)
print(list(result)) 

3. map function

# map is used to let one function to run in mutiple objects
abs(-3)
>>3
abs(-3,-5,-7)
>> error
list(map(abs,(-2, 10, -9)))
>> [2,10,9]

# map & def fuc
def addition(n):
    return n + n
  
numbers = (1, 2, 3, 4)
result = map(addition, numbers)
print(list(result))
>>[2,4,6,8]

#map & lambda
num1 = [1, 2, 3]
num2 = [4, 5, 6]
result = map(lambda x, y: x + y, num1, num2)
print(list(result))
>>[5,7,9]

Loops and Iteration

1. continue and break

while True:
    line = input('>>>Enter something: ')
    if line[0] == '#':
        continue     
        # ends the current iteration 
        # jumps to the top of the loop
        # starts the next iteration
    if line == 'done':
        break     
        # jumps out of the entire loop
        
    print(line)
print('The End!')


>>>Enter something: hku
hku
>>>Enter something: # hello
>>>Enter something: ???
???
>>>Enter something: done
The End!

2. while vs for
   while means condition is met; for means iteration variable
3. nested for loops

# range print direction —— default:lengthways
for x in range(5):
    for _ in range(x + 1):
        # we use _ as the interation variable
        # we do not need to use its value
        print('*', end = '')
    print()
>>
*
**
***
****
*****