文件笔记以及练习

笔记

导入文件

##导入和读写
fobj=open("mbox.txt")
for line in fobj:
    print(line)
fobj.close

注意导入对象的类型！！
直接打开的的文本型，遍历出来的对象是句子（长字符串）遍历行的对象是字母（in）
用.read()输出的是字符串，遍历出来是字母

文章后缀的状态
"r"read
"a"append添加
"w"write
“x"create
文件类型
“t”-text-文本文件，用ASC码表示
“b”-binary-二进制储存的文件"rb”

#默认是文本文件和read状态
a=open('mbox.txt','rt')

.readlines()的用法——按照横排打出

poem=open('Mei_flower.txt').read()
print(poem)
#输出文本中的行数--read打开转化为，输入字符串中特定的字符
print(poem[9:17])
>冰雪林中著此身，
不同桃李混芳尘。
忽然一夜清香发，
散作乾坤万里春。
不同桃李混芳尘。
poem=open('Mei_flower.txt').readlines()
print(poem)
>['冰雪林中著此身，\n', '不同桃李混芳尘。\n', '忽然一夜清香发，\n', '散作乾坤万里春。']

找到文本中以特定字符串在（开头——starswith/句子中——in）的句子

#method1
a=open('mbox-short.txt')
for b in a:
    b=b.rstrip()
    if b.startswith('From:'):
        print(b)
a.close()
#method2
a = open('mbox-short.txt')
for b in a:
    b=b.rstrip()
    if not b.startswith('From:'):
        continue
    print(b)
a.close()
>>>From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za
From: louis@media.berkeley.edu
From: zqian@umich.edu
From: rjlowe@iupui.edu
From: zqian@umich.edu
...
#句子中
a = open('mbox-short.txt')
for b in a:
    b=b.rstrip()
    if not '@uct.ac.za' in b:
        continue
    print(b)
a.close()
>>>From stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za Sat Jan  5 09:14:16 2008
X-Authentication-Warning: nakamura.uits.iupui.edu: apache set sender to stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za using -f
From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za
Author: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za

统计文件中某词语出现的次数
8.41

写文件

用with关闭文件
8.45
w+新写，有也闪电

同时读和写文件
8.49

重新设置文件位置

seek 跳到下标为n的位置8.54
tell 当前的总下标，移动到某位置8.58
西文汉字的案例8.59
改写，新建的编写9.00,9.01

pickling

9.08,9.10

练习题

统计文件的行数

Write a Python function to return the number of lines in a text file of given name.

def linesInFile(m):
    count=0
    a=open(m)
    for i in a:
        count+=1
    return count
    a.close
linesInFile('mbox-short.txt')

统计文件中全部字符的个数

Write a Python function to return the number of characters in a text file of given name

# 不加read是文件，按照行遍历，加了.read()是字符串，按照字母遍历
def charsInFile(m):
    a=open(m).read()
    for i in a:
        return(len(a))
    a.close
charsInFile('mbox-short.txt')
# 用with的打开方式
def charsInFile(f):
    with open(f) as fd:
        return len(fd.read())

统计文件中特定字符串的个数

##这个方法有问题！无法统计一行出现了两个特定字符
def strsInFile(a,b):
    c=open(a)
    #print(type(c))#c是文本形式
    e=0
    for d in c:
        if b in d:
            e+=1
    return(e)
strsInFile('mbox.txt', 'from')
#直接用计数函数
def strsInFile(f,s):
    with open(f) as fd:
        return fd.read().count(s)   

删除文中所有空格

def removeBlankLine(f):
    with open('testFile.txt','w') as file:
        with open(f) as fd:
            for line in fd:
                if line != '\n':
                    file.write(line)
# Check if there exists a file named testFile.txt. It should not be there. 
# If there is a file named testFile.txt and you want to keep it, 
# please move it to another place so that it will not be overwritten.
import os
os.path.isfile('testFile.txt')

# Run your function and create a new file named testFile.txt
removeBlankLine('mbox-short.txt')

# Now, that file should exists
os.path.isfile('testFile.txt')

linesInFile('mbox-short.txt')

linesInFile('testFile.txt')

removeBlankLine('mbox.txt')

print(linesInFile('mbox.txt')-linesInFile('testFile.txt'), 'blank lines removed.')

# delete the file testFile.txt
# Run the following command if your OS is Windows
!del testFile.txt

# Run the following command if your OS is OSX or Linux
#!rm testFile.txt