枚举类
1.枚举类的理解:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
2.当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
3.如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。
定义枚举类
jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类
public class SeasonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season spring = Season.SPRING;
System.out.println(spring); } }
//自定义枚举类
class Season{
//1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc; }
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:public static final的
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天");
//4.其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性 get()
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName; }
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc; }
//4.其他诉求1:提供toString()
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
'}'; } }
jdk5.0,enum关键字定义枚举类
枚举类常用方法
- values()方法:返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值。
- valueOf(String str):可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。如不是,会有运行时异常:IllegalArgumentException。
- toString():返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
枚举类实现接口
public class SeasonTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
//toString():返回枚举类对象常量的名称
System.out.println(summer.toString());
//values():返回所有的枚举类对象构成的数组
Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
System.out.println(values[i]);
values[i].show();
} //State 是枚举类
Thread.State[] values1 = Thread.State.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
System.out.println(values1[i]);
}//NEW RUNNABLE BLOCKED WAITING TIMED_WAITING TERMINATED
//valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象。
Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
System.out.println(winter); //WINTER
//如果没有objName的枚举类对象,则抛异常:IllegalArgumentException
winter.show(); } }
interface Info{
void show(); }
//使用enum关键字枚举类
enum Season1 implements Info{
//1.提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象";"结束
//枚举类中 枚举类对象放在 类各成员前面
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("春天在哪里?");
}
},//让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("宁夏");
}
},
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("秋天不回来");
}
},
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("大约在冬季");
}
};
//2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//3.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
} }