阈值和平滑处理

阈值处理

ret,dst = cv2.threshold(src,thresh,maxval,type)

• src:输入图。只能输入单通道图像。通常来说为灰度图
• dst:输出图
• thresh:阈值
• maxval:当像素值超过了阈值(或者小于阈值，根据type来决定)，所赋予的值
• type:二值化操作的类型，包含以下5种类型:
  cv2.THRESH_BINARY; cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV; cv2.THRESH_TRUNC;
  cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INUNC;cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV
  • cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值部分取maxval(最大值)，否则取O
  • cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV THRESH_BINARY的反转
  • cv2.THRESH_TRUNC大于阈值部分设为阈值,否则不变
  • cv2.THRESH_TOZERO大于阈值部分不改变，否则设为0
  • cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV THRESH_TOZERO的反转

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效果展示

ret,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret,thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret,thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret,thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret,thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles = ['Original Image','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV']
images = [img,thresh1,thresh2,thresh3,thresh4,thresh5]

for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2,3,i+1),plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

平滑处理

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原图：存在许多噪音点（白点）

img = cv2.imread(r"girl.png")

cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果展示

#均值滤波
#简单的平均卷积操作
blur = cv2.blur(img,(3,3))
cv2.imshow(‘blur’,blur)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#执行完后噪音减少了

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#方框滤波
#基本等同于均值滤波，不过可以选择归一化
box = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3),normalize=True)
cv2.imshow(‘box’,box)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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#方框滤波
#基本等同于均值滤波，不过可以选择归一化
box2 = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3),normalize=False)
cv2.imshow(‘box2’,box2)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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#高斯滤波
#满足高斯分布，相当于更加重视中间的
aussian = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5),1)
cv2.imshow(“aussian”,aussian)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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#中值分布
#相当于用中值代替
median = cv2.medianBlur(img,5)
cv2.imshow(“median”,median)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

集中对比

#展示所有的
res = np.hstack((blur,aussian,median))
print(res[:2,:2])
cv2.imshow(“blur,aussian,median”,res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()