图像阈值与平滑处理

图像阈值

ret,dst = cv2.threshold(src,thresh,maxval,type)

• src:输入图，只能输入单通道图像，通常来说说是灰度图
• dst:输出图
• thresh: 阈值
• maxval : 当图像像素值超过了阈值（或者小于阈值，根据type决定），所赋予的值
• type:二值化操作类型，包含以下5种类型： cv2.THRESH_BINARY; cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV; cv2.THRESH_TRUNC;cv2.THRESH_TOZ ; cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV
• cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值部分去maxval(最大值)，否则取0
• cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV THRESH_BINARY的反转
• cv2.THRESH_TRUNC 大于阈值部分设置为阈值，否则不便
• cv2.THRESH_TOZERO 大于阈值部分不改变，否则设为0
• cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV THRESH_TOZERO的反转

代码

img = cv2.imread('../imgs/cat1.jpg')
img_gray = cv2.imread('../imgs/cat1.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

ret,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img_gray,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret,thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img_gray,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret,thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img_gray,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret,thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img_gray,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret,thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img_gray,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles = ['Original','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV']
images = [img,thresh1,thresh2,thresh3,thresh4,thresh5]

for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2,3,i+1)
    plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([])
    plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

效果为

图像平滑

img = cv2.imread('../imgs/opencv.png')

cv2.imshow('img',img)
# cv2.waitKey(0)
# cv2.destroyAllWindows()

# 均值滤液
# 简单的屏均处理
blur = cv2.blur(img,(3,3))

cv2.imshow('blur',blur)
# cv2.waitKey(0)
# cv2.destroyAllWindows()

# 方框滤液
# 基本和均值一样，可以选择归一化
box = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3),normalize=True)

cv2.imshow('box',box)
# cv2.waitKey(0)
# cv2.destroyAllWindows()

# 方框滤液
# 基本和均值一样，可以选择归一化,容易越界
box = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3),normalize=False)

cv2.imshow('box',box)
# cv2.waitKey(0)
# cv2.destroyAllWindows()

# 高斯滤液
# 高斯模糊的卷积核里的数值是满足高斯分布，相当于更重视中间的
aussian = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5),1)

cv2.imshow('aussian',aussian)
# cv2.waitKey(0)
# cv2.destroyAllWindows()

# 中值滤液
# 相当于用中值代替
median = cv2.medianBlur(img,5)

cv2.imshow('median',median)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

小记

• 2020.7.1 9:43