【错误记录】Android中，notifyDataSetChanged()不能正确更新listView问题

问题简介

在学习开发android过程中，遇到了一个似乎很普遍的问题。当我们在初始化通过adapter将Listview和对应的Arraylist 数据data绑定时，在后面的data更新后，理论上使用adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()方法就可以让adapter自动更新Arraylist列表，但是实际上我们在对data更新之后，并不能完成对视图中ListView的更新，问bing问了一通也没问出啥解决方法，最后还是查了半天才明白咋回事。。。

结论

解决方法① 可能是最有效的解决方法
将更新后的数据data和视图ListView与适配器adapter重新绑定
即调用绑定时的方法：

data=new_data;//有数据更新
adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);

解决方法②
对于Arraylist类型的数据data，只在原对象上修改，不能重新赋值，因为重新赋值实质上改变了data所指向的对象，导致adapter的绑定出现问题,这可能也是notifyDataSetChanged()一个使用条件。

data.add("123");//数据更新
//不能data=new_data;
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

下面可以不用看啦

代码分析

package com.example.test.ui.slideshow;

import static java.lang.System.out;

import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import com.example.test.R;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class SlideshowFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener {

    //private Integer[] data={1,2,3,5,65,6,7,4,4,6,44,33,9,6,6,49491,85,5,6,2,25,51,25,20,2};
    private String[] ori_data={"test_keyword1","test_keyword2","test_keyword3","test_keyword4","test_keyword1"
            ,"test_keyword2","test_keyword3","test_keyword4","test_keyword1","test_keyword2","test_keyword3"
            ,"test_keyword4","test_keyword1","test_keyword2","test_keyword3","test_keyword4"};
    private ArrayList<String> data = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(ori_data));
    private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=null;
    private ListView listView;

    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
                             ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        View view =inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_email,container,false);
        listView=(ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.list_email);
        adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);

        //单击每个item进行编辑
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                edit_item(position,adapter);
            }
        });

        listView.setOnItemLongClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                del_item(position,adapter);
                return true; // 返回true表示已经处理了长按事件，不会触发单击事件
            }
        });



        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_add).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_sync).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_save).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_submit).setOnClickListener(this);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if(v.getId()==R.id.btn_add){
            edit_item(data.size(), adapter);
        }
        else if(v.getId()==R.id.btn_sync){
            //从服务器将数据同步到客户端
            data=load();
            adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
                    android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
            listView.setAdapter(adapter);
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"已成功加载",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
        else if(v.getId()==R.id.btn_save){
            save();
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"已成功保存",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
        else if(v.getId()==R.id.btn_submit){

        }
    }

    private void save(){
        FileOutputStream out=null;
        BufferedWriter writer=null;
        try{
            out =getActivity().openFileOutput("test_datasave.txt", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            writer=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
            for (String str : data) {
                writer.write(str);
                writer.write('\n');
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try{
                if(writer!=null){
                    writer.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private ArrayList<String> load(){
        ArrayList<String> data=new ArrayList<>();
        FileInputStream in =null;
        BufferedReader reader=null;
        try{
            in=getActivity().openFileInput("test_datasave.txt");
            reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            String line="";
            while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
                data.add(line.toString());
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"未找到文件",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(reader!=null){
                try{
                    reader.close();
                }catch(IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return data;
    }

    //用于弹出dialog 并修改其中的某一项
    private void edit_item(int postition,ArrayAdapter<String> adapter){
        AlertDialog.Builder dialog=new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        dialog.setTitle("编辑");

        EditText editText=new EditText(getActivity());
        editText.setHint("请键入新的关键词");
        dialog.setView(editText);

        dialog.setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                final String inputText=editText.getText().toString();
                if(data.size()==postition){
                    data.add(inputText);
                }
                else data.set(postition,inputText);
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        });
        dialog.show();
    }

    //用于弹出一个dialog,用于确认删除其中的某一项
    private void del_item(int postition,ArrayAdapter<String> adapter){
        AlertDialog.Builder dialog=new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        dialog.setTitle("删除");
        dialog.setMessage("确认删除这一项?");
        dialog.setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                data.remove(postition);
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        });
        dialog.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            }
        });
        dialog.show();
    }
}