OpenCV 4 - 图像操作

1 读写像素

1-1 读写单通道像素

读一个GRAY像素点的像素值(CV_8UC1)

• 方法一: Scalar intensity = img.at(y, x);
• 方法二: Scalar intensity = img.at(Point(x, y));

代码示例:

	Mat src, dst;
	src = imread("./1.png");
	if (!src.data)	//判断图片是否加载成功!
	{
		std::cout << "打开图片失败!" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	imshow("src image", src);
	//CV_BGR2GRAY 将BGR（蓝绿红）颜色空间转换为灰度颜色空间
	cvtColor(src, dst,CV_BGR2GRAY);

	int height = dst.rows;
	int widht = dst.cols;
	for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < widht; j++)
		{
			int gary = dst.at<uchar>(i, j);
			dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = 255 - gary;
		}
	}
	imshow("dst", dst);
	waitKey(100000);

1-2 读写3通道像素

读一个RGB像素点的像素值

Vec3f intensity = img.at<Vec3f>(y, x);
float blue 	= intensity.val[0];
float green = intensity.val[1];
float red	= intensity.val[2];

Vec3b与Vec3f

• Vec3b对应三通道的顺序是blue、green、red的uchar类型数据。
• Vec3f 对应三通道的float类型数据

把cv_8uc1转换到cv32F1

src.convertTo(dst, cV_32F);

代码示例:

	Mat src;
	src = imread("./1.png");
	if (!src.data)	//判断图片是否加载成功!
	{
		std::cout << "打开图片失败!" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	imshow("src image", src);
	
	Mat dst1;
	dst1.create(src.size(), src.type());
	int height = src.rows;
	int widht = src.cols;
	int channel = src.channels();

	for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < widht; j++)
		{
			if(channel==3)
			{
				int b_color = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
				int g_color = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
				int r_color = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];

				dst1.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = 255 - b_color;
				dst1.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = 255 - g_color;
				dst1.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = 255 - r_color;
			}
		}
	}
	imshow("dst1", dst1);
	waitKey(100000);

注意:上述代码可通过位操作达到同样的取反色

bitwise_not(src, dst1);

1-3 ROI选择部分区域赋值

	Mat aa;
	Rect r(10,10,500,500);
	aa = src(r);
	imshow("aa", aa);

2 总结

1 灰度图像

img.at<uchar>(x,y) = 128;

2 RGB三通道

img.at<Vec3b>(x,y)[0] = 128; //blue
img.at<Vec3b>(x,y)[1] = 128; //green
img.at<Vec3b>(x,y)[2] = 128; //red

3 空白图像赋值

img =Scalar(0);

4 ROI部分区域选择

Rect r(10,10,500,500);
Mat small=img (r );

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