java-web:过滤器（filter）、监听器 (listener)

陈行恩

已于 2022-07-09 14:23:49 修改

阅读量144

点赞数 1

分类专栏： java 文章标签： java 前端 servlet filter listener

于 2022-07-08 22:48:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56981185/article/details/125588595

版权

java 专栏收录该内容

61 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

Filter过滤器

过滤器能够对目标资源的请求和响应进行截取。

过滤器的工作方式分为四种

request 过滤器
forward 过滤器
include 过滤器
error 过滤器

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>testServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.nadoutong.servlet.TestServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>testServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/testServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>test2Servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.nadoutong.servlet.Test2Servlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>test2Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/test2Servlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

<filter>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.nadoutong.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
     <!-- 只要是 /testServlet 请求就会走这个过滤器-->
    <url-pattern>/testServlet</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
     <!-- 只要是 /test2Servlet 请求就会走这个过滤器-->
    <url-pattern>/test2Servlet</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>

CharacterEncodingFilter.java

package com.nadoutong.filter;




import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {


    //初始化 ：web 服务器启动,就可以初始化，随时等待过滤器对象的出现
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        try {
            System.out.println(URLEncoder.encode("CharacterEncodingFilter 初始化...","UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    /**
     * Chain :链
     * 1.过滤器中所有代码，在过滤器特定请求的时候都会执行
     * 2.必须要让过滤器继续同行
     * @param servletRequest
     * @param servletResponse
     * @param filterChain
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //让请求继续走，如果不写程序到这里就被拦截停止了
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
    }

    //销毁 web服务器关闭 ，过滤就会销毁
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter 被销毁...");
    }
}

例：用户登录之后进入主页,用户注销之后就不能进入主页

用户登录之后,向Session中放入用户的数据

进入主页的时候要判断用户是否已经登录了

页面情况
web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>myLogin</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>nadoutong.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>myLogin</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>myLogout</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>nadoutong.servlet.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>myLogout</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/logoutServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>nadoutong.filter.CheckLoginFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/page/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="get" action="/THIRD_JAVAWEB/loginServlet">
    <input type="text" name="username" value="">
    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>

error.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>你访问的页面不存在</h1>
    <a href="login.jsp">返回登录页面</a>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>登录成功</h1>
    <a href="/THIRD_JAVAWEB/logoutServlet">注销登录</a>
</body>
</html>

LogoutServlet.java

package nadoutong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.getSession().removeAttribute("USER_SESSION");
        resp.sendRedirect("/THIRD_JAVAWEB/login.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

LoginServlet.java

package nadoutong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        if (username.equals("admin")) {
            req.getSession().setAttribute("USER_SESSION",req.getSession().getId());
            resp.sendRedirect("/THIRD_JAVAWEB/page/success.jsp");
        }else {
            resp.sendRedirect("/THIRD_JAVAWEB/login.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

CheckLoginFilter.java

package nadoutong.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CheckLoginFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;

        if (req.getSession().getAttribute("USER_SESSION")==null){
            resp.sendRedirect("/THIRD_JAVAWEB/error.jsp");
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

执行视频：

过滤器实现-验证成功才能直接访问某些页面

Listener监听器

监听器有很多种，实现监听器接口即可构造一个监听器

可以看到有很多的监听接口，根据业务需要自己选择相应的监听器进行实现即可

例：利用监听器实现监听网站在线人数

TestListener.java

package com.nadoutong.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

//实现session 监听接口
public class TestListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    // 如果session 被创建 就执行
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        //获取servletContext
        ServletContext servletContext = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        //获取servletContext  里的属性 OnLinenumber
        Integer onLinenumber = (Integer)servletContext.getAttribute("OnLinenumber");
        //如果没有该属性
        if(onLinenumber==null){
            //赋初始值1
            onLinenumber = new Integer(1);
        }else {
            //如果有 则每次加一
            int i = onLinenumber.intValue();
            onLinenumber=new Integer(i+1);
        }
        // 将新的值赋予 OnLinenumber
        servletContext.setAttribute("OnLinenumber",onLinenumber);
    }

    // 如果session 被销毁 就执行
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        //获取servletContext
        ServletContext servletContext = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        //获取servletContext  里的属性 OnLinenumber
        Integer onLinenumber = (Integer)servletContext.getAttribute("OnLinenumber");
        //如果没有该属性
        if(onLinenumber==null){
            //赋初始值1
            onLinenumber = new Integer(0);
        }else {
            //如果有 则每次加一
            int i = onLinenumber.intValue();
            onLinenumber=new Integer(i-1);
        }
        // 将新的值赋予 OnLinenumber
        servletContext.setAttribute("OnLinenumber",onLinenumber);
    }
}

web.xml 中注册监听器

    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.nadoutong.listener.TestListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

编写index.jsp 测试

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>统计网站在线人数</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h1>网站在线人数为：${applicationScope.get("OnLinenumber")}</h1>
  <h1>网站在线人数为：<%= request.getServletContext().getAttribute("OnLinenumber")%></h1>
  </body>
</html>

监听器一般在GUI 编程中用的较多

陈行恩

关注

1
点赞
踩
1

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
打赏
0
评论
java-web:过滤器（filter）、监听器 (listener)

CharacterEncodingFilter.javaListener监听器例：利用监听器实现监听网站在线人数TestListener.javaweb.xml 中注册监听器编写index.jsp 测试
复制链接

扫一扫