[230502]英语阅读长难句分析｜共6个

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已于 2023-05-18 21:37:34 修改

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分类专栏： TOEFL # 阅读写作文章标签： microsoft java 开发语言 python 自然语言处理

于 2023-05-01 21:17:19 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_57656758/article/details/130456735

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🍣五月份第二篇笔记🍣

40：0/3

41： 3/3

目录

题目

40-1

（1）句子结构分析

（2）生词

（3）原题

40-2

（1）句子结构分析

（2）生词

（3）原题

40-3

（1）句子结构分析

（2）生词

（3）原题

41-1

41-2

41-3

题干句子翻译理解

40-1

41-2

41-3

答案

一般出现三种逻辑：解释说明、递进、并列

题目

40-1

（1）句子结构分析

（2）生词

tyrant / ˈtaɪrənt / n.暴君

give final form 给出最终形式

aristocratic / əˌrɪstəˈkrætɪk / adj.贵族的，有贵族特征的

aristocracy / ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi / n.贵族，贵族阶级；贵族统治

（3）原题

By the end of the century, the time was ripe for more change the tyrants were driven out, and in 508 BC a new reformer, Cleisthenes gave final form to the developments reducing aristocratic control already under way.

递进关系

暴君被驱逐——>改革家削弱贵族统治

A. Cleisthenes, a reformer who recognized that aristocratic control had been decreasing since the end of the previous century, finally drove the tyrants out of Athens in 508 B.C.

B. The tyrants were driven out, and in 508 B.C. Cleisthenes put in place the structures that completed the weakening of the aristocracy.

C. By driving out the tyrants, Cleisthenes enabled the reforms that had been under way since the end of the century to reach their final form in 508 B.C.

D. Toward the end of the century, the tyrants were driven out, and in 508 B.C. Cleisthenes saw that it was time to change the structures that had reduced aristocratic control.

答案：

～

～

～

～

～

错选：C

正解：B

40-2

（1）句子结构分析

（2）生词

biogeographer n.地理生物学家

（3）原题

Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

因果关系

热带地区陆地面积>高纬度地区陆地面积

因为我们经常会夸大高纬度地区的面积在使用地球曲面投影估算面积时（此方法有误差）

所以多样性差异反映了这种影响

A. Some biogeographers believe that the tropics have larger surface areas than they actually do because of the distortions produced by projections of Earth’s curved surface.

B. High levels of diversity in the tropics are sometimes attributed to the fact that the tropics have more surface area of land than the higher latitudes do, though distortions in commonly used projections may seem to suggest otherwise.

C. Because biogeographers disagree on whether or not the tropics are correctly represented in projections of Earth’s surface, it is difficult to determine the relationship their surface area has to their diversity.

D. Most biogeographers agree that the tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes do, but they disagree on whether or not the tropics’ level of diversity is a reflection of that larger surface area.

答案：

～

～

～

～

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错选：A

正解：B

40-3

（1）句子结构分析

（2）生词

ambient / ˈæmbiənt /

adj.环境的，周围的；（与）背景音乐（有关）的；（广告）利用环境来做的（区别于媒体广告）

n.环境音乐

at the mercy of 受……支配

（3）原题

Summer estivation also occurs by burrowing into the ground or hiding in cool, deep rock crevasses to avoid desiccation and lethal ambient temperature. Amphibians are therefore hardly at the mercy of ambient temperature, since by means of the mechanisms described above they are more than exercising some control over their body temperature.

因果关系

因为两栖动物通过夏眠可以掌控自己的身体温度所以不受环境温度的支配

A. Thus, although amphibians use the various mechanisms described above, they have hardly any control of their body temperature.

B. Thus, by the mechanisms described above, amphibians are quite capable of controlling their body temperature to survive extreme ambient temperatures.

C. Thus, unless they can use the mechanisms described above, amphibians are at the mercy of ambient temperatures.

D. Thus, the mechanisms described above give amphibians control over much more than just their body temperature.

答案：

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～

～

～

～

错选：C（肯定否定关系错乱，事实是两栖动物不受环境温度的支配；A同理，事实是两栖动物可以控制自己的身体温度以至于做到不受环境温度的支配）

正解：B

41-1

As relative newcomers to the Southwest, a place where their climate, neighbors, and rulers could be equally inhospitable, the Navajo【主语】 created【谓语】 these art forms【宾语】 to affect the world around them【宾补】, not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves.

Navajo 纳瓦霍人创造艺术形式影响世界通过：⬇️

the recounting of the actions symbolized对所象征的行动的叙述 ——并列关系——the beauty and harmony of the artworks 艺术品自身的美与和谐

✅：A

A. The Navajo used the symbolism and beauty of their works of art to improve their life in an often inhospitable environment.

B. The ideas the Navajo hold about symbolism and beauty were influenced by their inhospitable climate, neighbors, and rulers.

C. When they first arrived in the Southwest, the Navajo produced symbolic art forms that promoted harmony.

D. In their works of art, the Navajo emphasized beauty and harmony that can be found even under the most inhospitable circumstances.

41-2

The answer【形式宾语，真正的宾语that从句】 to the first question【主语：问题】 is【谓语】 that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth, but now, instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans.

解释说明

二氧化碳仍然大量存在于地球，存在形式不局限于atmospheric carbon dioxide大气中的二氧化碳，也可以dissolved in the oceans溶解在海洋里或者chemically bound into carbonate rocks化学结合在碳酸盐岩中。

✅：C

A. The first question to be answered is how Earth’s atmospheric carbon dioxide either got dissolved in the oceans or got chemically bound into carbonate rocks.

B. The fact that Earth’s abundant carbon dioxide is more often found in carbonate rock than dissolved in the oceans is the answer to the first question.

C. Earth still has abundant carbon dioxide, but instead of being in the atmosphere it is now dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into ocean rocks.

D. The formation of limestone and marble used up the carbon dioxide that was dissolved in Earth’s oceans so that only carbon dioxide in atmospheric form remained.

41-3

Now that we know much more about ancient exchange and commerce, we know that, because no one aspect of trade was an overriding cause of cultural change or evolution in commercial practices, trade can never be looked on as a unifying factor or as a primary agent of ancient civilization.

因果关系

因为不存在贸易的一方面在商业惯例中的文化变迁或者文化演进是主导原因，所以贸易永远无法被看作是古代文明的一个统一的因素或者主要的动因。

overriding

unifying 统一的

primary agent 主要原动力、动因

✅：A

A. We now know that ancient trade cannot be considered a main factor in the rise of civilization, because no one aspect of it caused change in culture or commercial practices.

B. We now know that the growth of civilization was an important factor in causing cultural change and in improving commercial practices.

C. We now know much more about how ancient trade and commerce led to cultural changes and the evolution of commercial practices.

D. We now know much more about the main factors and agents that led to ancient civilization, because we know what aspects of trade affected culture and commercial practices.