Managing the supply of water that is so critical in growing wet rice requires
sophisticated organization, especially with respect to cooperative labor
patterns and rights of access to both land and water. Each family may work
its lands on its own, but who will construct and maintain public irrigation works?
Who will decide when dikes, dams, ditches, and tanks need to be repaired,
and how will the labor to repair them be coordinated? The water used in the
fields of one family is not available to other families. How shall the
consumption of water be coordinated? Who will get how much water and when?
How, in short, will use rights to water be determined?
问题 7
7. According to paragraph 4, in wet rice areas all of the following are problems that require cooperation to solve EXCEPT
A. deciding how available water should be distributed among its different users
B. organizing labor to repair water storage facilities
C. arranging for the construction of irrigation works
D. ensuring that enough workers are available to cultivate each plot
D
Paragraph 5
In one example of organizing the allocation of water to the fields, the Sinhalese
of the dry zone of Sri Lanka draw water from a collectively owned rain-fed
reservoir constructed of earth. All of the cultivated land of a village is in a single
area, below the reservoir. The entire field is laid out into diked plots of equal
size. Each plot receives a fixed amount of water from the communal reservoir,
though the number of families working a single plot varies: Poor families must
share water rights of access to one plot with other families, whereas richer
families have access to several plots. Assigning each plot (rather than each
family) the same proportion of irrigation water reduces the chance that a given
plot will receive insufficient moisture.
问题 8
8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Poor families who must share a plot have access to less water from the communal reservoir than do rich families who have their own plots.
B. Each plot receives the same amount of water from the communal reservoir regardless of the number of families who work that plot, which varies depending on their wealth.
C. Because each plot receives the same amount of water from the communal reservoir, poor families have access to just as much water for their plots as wealthy families do.
D. The amount of water each plot receives from the communal reservoir is fixed according to the wealth of the families who have access to that plot.
B
Paragraph 1-问题9
The wet rice fields of Asia are the most productive of all preindustrial intensive
agricultural systems. █ As the term “wet rice" suggests, the method involves
flooding the fields for most of the growing season. █ In some areas, the water
comes entirely from the natural rainfall of the monsoons, but the water level
often is controlled by artificial irrigation. █ Most wet rice is, therefore, grown on
the floodplains of rivers. █ In parts of Southeast Asia, southern China, and the
Himalayan fringes, wet rice is grown on terraced hillsides originally constructed
centuries ago.
9. Look at the four squares █ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Moreover, wet rice is cultivated more widely and feeds more of this continent's rural populations than any other crop.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square █ to add the sentence to the passage.
全篇-问题 10
10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT.
Wet rice farming ensures high yearly productivity for the cultivation of individual plots of land.
A. The most remarkable feature of wet rice farming is that crops can be continuously grown underwater without the need for nutrients.
B. The practice of flooding wet rice fields and allowing the water to remain for extended periods allows the fertility level of individual fields to remain stable while the land is.
C. Storing water and controlling the level of the water are essential for successful wet rice farming.
D. Organization of communal water storage, labor, and distribution requires a sophisticated management system.
E. Although most of the cultivated land of a Sinhalese village is restricted to a particular area below the reservoir, other plots are located outside the dry zone of Sri Lanka.
F. Each Sinhalese family not only works its own lands but also helps to determine how much of its water consumption should be shared with other families.
亚洲的水稻种植是最具生产力的前工业化密集农业系统。水田种植涉及大部分生长季节的灌溉，这有助于防止侵蚀，保持土壤肥力，通过河流沉积物补充营养，并通过蓝绿藻固氮。尽管如此，农民仍需解决水资源管理问题，包括适当的时间和水量控制，以及社区合作来建设维护灌溉设施。
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