【基础篇】Qt+VTK开发环境搭建

前言

VTK网站有大量的程序示例，可以通过手敲代码的形式进行学习。下面就开始使用Qt来完成所有示例。

环境搭建

1）准备VTK库、QtCreator开发环境、Qt库
VTK使用8.2版本（64），Qt使用5.14.0（mingw73_64）
2）添加库到系统环境变量
VTK路径：C:\VTK\bin Qt路径：C:\Qt\Qt5.14.0\5.14.0\mingw73_64\bin
3）创建项目
打开Vtk示例，网站地址：
https://examples.vtk.org/site/Cxx/
参考Hello world示例，

将该项目Cmakelist文件中的库文件名复制出来。同时创建一个Qt项目，将项目依赖的头文件路径和库文件添加到Qt工程文件中。

项目编译

1）编译问题

这里报错可以看出是库的引用出了问题，追踪到该函数所在类，

返回值出现问题，再追踪到返回值类型的类的头文件中

VTKCOMMONEXECUTIONMODEL_EXPORT可以看出依赖的是vtkcommonexecutionmodel相关的库，此时只需要去VTK库的lib目录下找

将该库名添加到工程的pro文件中。再次编译就没有问题了。

示例源码

1）工程文件

QT       += core gui

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

CONFIG += c++11

# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

# You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0

SOURCES += \
    main.cpp \
    mainwindow.cpp

HEADERS += \
    mainwindow.h

FORMS += \
    mainwindow.ui

INCLUDEPATH += C:\VTK\include\vtk-8.2

LIBS += -L"C:\VTK\lib" \
        -lvtkFiltersSources-8.2 \
        -lvtkCommonColor-8.2 \
        -lvtkCommonCore-8.2 \
        -lvtkCommonExecutionModel-8.2 \
        -lvtkFiltersSources-8.2 \
        -lvtkInteractionStyle-8.2 \
        -lvtkRenderingContextOpenGL2-8.2 \
        -lvtkRenderingCore-8.2 \
        -lvtkRenderingFreeType-8.2 \
        -lvtkRenderingGL2PSOpenGL2-8.2 \
        -lvtkRenderingOpenGL2-8.2 \
        -lvtkGUISupportQt-8.2

# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target

2）主要代码

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <array>

#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkCamera.h>
#include <vtkCylinderSource.h>
#include <vtkNamedColors.h>
#include <vtkNew.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow.h>
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    vtkNew<vtkNamedColors> colors;

    // Set the background color.
    std::array<unsigned char, 4> bkg{{26, 51, 102, 255}};
    colors->SetColor("BkgColor", bkg.data());

    // This creates a polygonal cylinder model with eight circumferential facets
    // (i.e, in practice an octagonal prism).
    vtkNew<vtkCylinderSource> cylinder;
    cylinder->SetResolution(8);

    // The mapper is responsible for pushing the geometry into the graphics
    // library. It may also do color mapping, if scalars or other attributes are
    // defined.
    vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> cylinderMapper;
    cylinderMapper->SetInputConnection(cylinder->GetOutputPort());

    // The actor is a grouping mechanism: besides the geometry (mapper), it
    // also has a property, transformation matrix, and/or texture map.
    // Here we set its color and rotate it around the X and Y axes.
    vtkNew<vtkActor> cylinderActor;
    cylinderActor->SetMapper(cylinderMapper);
    cylinderActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(
    colors->GetColor4d("Tomato").GetData());
    cylinderActor->RotateX(30.0);
    cylinderActor->RotateY(-45.0);

    // The renderer generates the image
    // which is then displayed on the render window.
    // It can be thought of as a scene to which the actor is added
    vtkNew<vtkRenderer> renderer;
    renderer->AddActor(cylinderActor);
    renderer->SetBackground(colors->GetColor3d("BkgColor").GetData());
    // Zoom in a little by accessing the camera and invoking its "Zoom" method.
    renderer->ResetCamera();
    renderer->GetActiveCamera()->Zoom(1.5);

    vtkSmartPointer<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow> window = vtkSmartPointer<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow>::New();
    window->AddRenderer(renderer);


    ui->scene->SetRenderWindow(window);
    ui->scene->GetRenderWindow()->Render();
    ui->scene->GetRenderWindow()->Start();

}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

#include "mainwindow.h"

#include <QApplication>

#include<vtkAutoInit.h>

VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2)
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingFreeType);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MainWindow w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

3）运行效果