Haskell趣学指南-学习笔记（7）

Let

let 绑定与 where 绑定很相似。 where 绑定是在函数底部定义名字，对包括所有 guard 在内的整个函数可见。 let 绑定 则是个表达式，允许你在任何位置定义局部变量，而对不同的 guard 不可见。

cylinder :: (RealFloat a) => a -> a -> a
cylinder r h =
let sideArea = 2 * pi * r * h
topArea = pi * r ^2
in sideArea + 2 * topArea

若要在一行中绑定多个名字，再将它们排成一列显然是不可以的。不过可以用分号将其分开。

ghci> (let a = 100; b = 200; c = 300 in a*b*c, let foo="Hey "; bar = "there!" in foo ++ bar)
(6000000,"Hey there!")

Case

模式匹配本质上不过就是 case 语句的语法糖而已

case语法：

describeList :: [a] -> String
describeList xs = "The list is " ++ case xs of [] -> "empty."
                                               [x] -> "a singleton list."
                                               xs -> "a longer list."

模式匹配：

describeList :: [a] -> String
describeList xs = "The list is " ++ what xs
    where what [] = "empty."
          what [x] = "a singleton list."
          what xs = "a longer list."