十、srata分布式事务

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已于 2022-12-09 21:46:51 修改

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分类专栏： Spring Cloud 文章标签：分布式 java 微服务

于 2022-12-08 00:39:42 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_59757074/article/details/128226439

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Seata分布式事务

1. Seata基础

1.1 Seata 是什么？

Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务

1.2 为什么使用Seata

单体应用被拆分成微服务应用，原来的三个模块被拆分成三个独立的应用，分别使用三个独立的数据源
业务操作需要调用三个服务来完成。此时每个服务内部的数据一致性由本地事务来保证.
但是全局的数据—致性问题没法保证
简单的说: 一次业务操作需要跨多个数据源或需要跨多个系统进行远程调用，就会产生分布式事务问题=》seata

1.3 官网及使用手册

Seata官网: http://seata.io/zh-cn/
Seata使用手册:https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/…

1.4 分布式事务过程分析

Seata 分布式事务处理过程-ID+三组件模型
图例：

在这里插入图片描述

2. Seata的安装和配置

2.1 下载

Seata下载地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/releases/tag/v0.9.0

2.2 安装和配置

将seata-server-0.9.0.zip解压到指定目录，比如d:\program
修改 conf\file.conf 文件

1.vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = "default" #分组的名称
默认是"my_test_tx_group" 修改为   vgroup_mapping.wwk_order_tx_group = "default"

2.mode = "file" #类型默认是文件 ->修改为: mode = "db"

3.user = "mysql" #mysql用户名 ->修改为自己的数据库用户名

4.password = "mysql" #mysql密码 ->修改为自己的数据库密码

在 mysql5.7 创建 seata 数据库在 seata 数据库创建表 , 使用 seata 提供的sql脚本即可 , 在 seata 的 \conf\db_store.sql

-- the table to store GlobalSession data
drop table if exists `global_table`;
create table `global_table` (
  `xid` varchar(128)  not null,
  `transaction_id` bigint,
  `status` tinyint not null,
  `application_id` varchar(32),
  `transaction_service_group` varchar(32),
  `transaction_name` varchar(128),
  `timeout` int,
  `begin_time` bigint,
  `application_data` varchar(2000),
  `gmt_create` datetime,
  `gmt_modified` datetime,
  primary key (`xid`),
  key `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
  key `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
);

-- the table to store BranchSession data
drop table if exists `branch_table`;
create table `branch_table` (
  `branch_id` bigint not null,
  `xid` varchar(128) not null,
  `transaction_id` bigint ,
  `resource_group_id` varchar(32),
  `resource_id` varchar(256) ,
  `lock_key` varchar(128) ,
  `branch_type` varchar(8) ,
  `status` tinyint,
  `client_id` varchar(64),
  `application_data` varchar(2000),
  `gmt_create` datetime,
  `gmt_modified` datetime,
  primary key (`branch_id`),
  key `idx_xid` (`xid`)
);

-- the table to store lock data
drop table if exists `lock_table`;
create table `lock_table` (
  `row_key` varchar(128) not null,
  `xid` varchar(96),
  `transaction_id` long ,
  `branch_id` long,
  `resource_id` varchar(256) ,
  `table_name` varchar(32) ,
  `pk` varchar(36) ,
  `gmt_create` datetime ,
  `gmt_modified` datetime,
  primary key(`row_key`)
);

修改 seata 的 \conf\registry.conf , 配置注册中心 nacos server

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos" #修改为你的配置注册中心版本

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost:8848" #nacos的服务地址
    namespace = "" 
    cluster = "default"
  }

启动seata

windows启动seata:

找到seata/bin/路径下的"seata-server.bat"，右键以管理员方式启动即可
默认在8848端口监听

mac/linux启动seata:

打开终端用cd命令进入seata目录的bin目录下
输入命令:sudo sh seata-server.sh -h 127.0.0.1 -m file

3. srata分布式事务-应用实例

3.1 需求分析/图解

需求：完成下订单功能，由三个微服务模块协同完成, 涉及到多数据库, 多张表

3.2 创建数据库和表

创建3个业务数据库和表

-- 订单微服务的数据库 
CREATE DATABASE order_micro_service;

USE order_micro_service;

CREATE TABLE `order`(
							id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, 
							user_id BIGINT DEFAULT NULL , 
							product_id BIGINT DEFAULT NULL , 
							nums INT DEFAULT NULL , 
							money INT DEFAULT NULL, 
							`status` INT DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '0：创建中; 1：已完结' 
);

SELECT * FROM `order`


-- 库存微服务的数据库`storage`
CREATE DATABASE storage_micro_service;

USE storage_micro_service;

CREATE TABLE `storage`( 
			id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
			product_id BIGINT DEFAULT NULL , 
			amount INT DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '库存量' 
);

INSERT INTO `storage` VALUES(NULL, 1, 10);

SELECT * FROM `storage`


-- 账号微服务的数据库`account`
CREATE DATABASE account_micro_service;

USE account_micro_service;

CREATE TABLE `account`(
				id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ,
				user_id BIGINT DEFAULT NULL , 
				money INT DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '账户金额' 
);
 
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES(NULL, 666, 10000);

SELECT * FROM `account`

分别为 3 库创建对应的回滚日志表 , 说明回滚日志表在 seata 的 \conf\db_undo_log.sql


-- 为三个库创建回滚日志
USE order_micro_service;
USE storage_micro_service;
USE account_micro_service;

CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
 `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
 `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
 `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
 `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
 `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
 `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
 `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
 `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

3.3 开发 seata_storage_micro_service-10010 微服务

作用:用户购买商品,用来扣减商品库存的模块

参考以前的方式，创建 seata_storage_micro_service-10010 微服务模块
修改 pom.xml, 添加相关的 jar 依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <parent>
       <artifactId>E-Commerce-Center</artifactId>
       <groupId>com.wwk</groupId>
       <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <artifactId>seata_storage_micro_service-10010</artifactId>

   <properties>
       <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
       <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
       <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   </properties>

   <!--*seata-->
   <dependencies>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
           <!-- *排除自带的 seata-all -->
           <exclusions>
               <exclusion>
                   <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                   <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
               </exclusion>
           </exclusions>
       </dependency>
       <!-- *引入指定版本的 io.seata -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
           <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
           <version>0.9.0</version>
       </dependency>
       <!-- *引入 openfeign -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <!-- 提示 application.yml -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
           <optional>true</optional>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
           <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
           <version>1.2.14</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
           <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>mysql</groupId>
           <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
           <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>com.wwk</groupId>
           <artifactId>e-commerce-common-api</artifactId>
           <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
       </dependency>
       <!--        springboot程序监控系统,监控程序系统是否健康-->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
       </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

创建 application.yml, 进行相关的配置

server:
  port: 10010
spring:
  application:
  	#这里切记一定要把"_"改为"-",不然会报错
    name: seata-storage-micro-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    alibaba:
      seata:
        #自定义事务组名称需要与 seata-server 中的对应,看 \conf\file.conf
        tx-service-group: wwk_order_tx_group
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/storage_micro_service?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  #这里用了驼峰式命名
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

#配置日志输出，输出seata日志信息
logging:
  level:
    io:
      seata: info

在resource目录下创建 file.conf, 进行相关的配置, 说明：该文件从 seata\conf\file.conf 拷贝，进行修改即可

1.vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = “default” #分组的名称默认是"my_test_tx_group" 修改为vgroup_mapping.wwk_order_tx_group = “default”
2.mode = “file” #类型默认是文件 ->修改为: mode = “db”
3.user = “mysql” #mysql用户名 ->修改为自己的数据库用户名
4.password = “mysql” #mysql密码 ->修改为自己的数据库密码

创建 registry.conf, 进行相关的配置, 说明：该文件从 seata 的\conf\registry.conf 拷贝，进行修改即可

1.type = “nacos”
2.serverAddr = “localhost:8848”

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/entity/Storage.java实体类

package com.wwk.springcloud.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Storage {
    private Long id;
    private Long productId;
    private Integer amount;
}

这里可以使用@TableField来指定数据库属性对应的字段名，也可以通过mapper里resultMap
这里可以使用@TableId来指定数据表的主键及对应的自增策略

创建com/wwk/springcloud/dao/StorageDao.java接口

package com.wwk.springcloud.dao;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

@Mapper
public interface StorageDao {
    void reduce(@Param("productId") Long productId, @Param("num") Integer num);
}

为什么要用@Param

创建StorageDao对应的mapper “src/main/resources/mapper/StorageMapper.xml”

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wwk.springcloud.dao.StorageDao">
    <resultMap id="StorageMap" type="com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Storage">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="amount" property="amount" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
    </resultMap>
    <update id="reduce">
        UPDATE `storage` SET `amount`=`amount`-${num} WHERE product_id=${productId};
    </update>
</mapper>

创建service业务层

com/wwk/springcloud/service/StorageService.java接口

package com.wwk.springcloud.service;
public interface StorageService {
    void reduce(Long productId,Integer num);
}

com/wwk/springcloud/service/impl/StorageServiceImpl.java实现类

package com.wwk.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.wwk.springcloud.dao.StorageDao;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.StorageService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {
	@Resource
    private StorageDao storageDao;
    @Override
    public void reduce(Long productId, Integer num) {
        storageDao.reduce(productId,num);
    }
}

创建com/wwk/springcloud/controller/StorageController.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.controller;

import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Result;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.StorageService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
public class StorageController {
    @Resource
    private StorageService storageService;

    @PostMapping("/storage/reduce")
    public Result reduce(@RequestParam("productId")Long productId,@RequestParam("num")Integer num){
        storageService.reduce(productId,num);
        return Result.success("扣减库存成功ok",null);
    }
}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/config/MyBatisConfig.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.config;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
//这里因为seata需要独立配置一下
@MapperScan({"com.wwk.springcloud.dao"})
public class MyBatisConfig {

}

MapperScan的作用

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/config/DataSourceProxyConfig.java, 常规配置(拿来使用即可)

package com.wwk.springcloud.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
    @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource druidDataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    //注意这里的DataSourceProxy是io.seata.tm.datasource包下的千万别引成alibaba的
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        //注意这里getResources不要用getResource
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();

    }
}

@Value的用法

创建主启动类com/wwk/springcloud/SeataStorageMicroServiceApplication10010.java

package com.wwk.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

//注意这里需要取消数据源的自动配置
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class SeataStorageMicroServiceApplication10010 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SeataStorageMicroServiceApplication10010.class,args);
    }
}

3.4 开发 seata_account_micro_service-10012 微服务

作用:用户购买商品,用来扣减账户余额的模块

此模块可以参考上面的《3.3 开发 seata_storage_micro_service-10010 微服务》创建,这里的代码几乎一样就不重新写一遍了。

3.5 开发 seata_order_micro_service-10008 微服务

作用:用来生成用户购物订单的模块,因此这个模块比较复杂，需要通过OpenFeign关联上面的两个模块

修改 pom.xml, 添加相关的 jar 依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>E-Commerce-Center</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.wwk</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>seata_order_micro_service-10008</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <!--*seata-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            <!-- *排除自带的 seata-all -->
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                    <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!-- *引入指定版本的 io.seata -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- *引入 openfeign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 提示 application.yml -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.wwk</groupId>
            <artifactId>e-commerce-common-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        springboot程序监控系统,监控程序系统是否健康-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

创建 application.yml, 进行相关的配置

server:
  port: 10008
spring:
  application:
    name: seata-order-micro-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    alibaba:
      seata:
        #自定义事务组名称需要与 seata-server 中的对应,看 \conf\file.conf
        tx-service-group: wwk_order_tx_group
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order_micro_service?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  #这里用了驼峰式命名
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

#配置日志输出，输出seata日志信息
logging:
  level:
    io:
      seata: info

创建 file.conf和registry.conf, 进行相关的配置, 说明：该文件从 seata 的\conf\file.conf 和seata的\conf\registry.conf 拷贝，进行修改即可

file.conf需要修改的地方

1.vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = “default” #分组的名称默认是"my_test_tx_group" 修改为vgroup_mapping.wwk_order_tx_group = “default”
2.mode = “file” #类型默认是文件 ->修改为: mode = “db”
3.user = “mysql” #mysql用户名 ->修改为自己的数据库用户名
4.password = “mysql” #mysql密码 ->修改为自己的数据库密码

registry.conf需要修改的地方

1.type = “nacos”
2.serverAddr = “localhost:8848”

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/entity/Order.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Order {
    private Long id;
    private Long userId;
    private Long productId;
    private Integer nums;
    private Integer money;
    private Integer status;
}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/dao/OrderDao.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.dao;


import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Order;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

public interface OrderDao {
    void save(Order order);
    void update(@Param("userId")Long userId,@Param("status")Integer status);
}

创建 resources/mapper/OrderMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wwk.springcloud.dao.OrderDao">
    <resultMap id="StorageMap" type="com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Order">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="nums" property="nums" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="money" property="money" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="status" property="status" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
    </resultMap>

    <insert id="save">
        INSERT INTO `order` (`id`, `user_id`, `product_id`, `nums`, `money`, `status`)
        VALUES (null, #{userId}, #{productId}, #{nums}, #{money}, 0)
    </insert>

    <update id="update">
        UPDATE `order`
        SET `status`=${status}
        WHERE user_id = ${userId};
    </update>
</mapper>

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/service/OrderService.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.service;
import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Order;

public interface OrderService {
    void save(Order order);
}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/service/AccountService.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.service;

import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Result;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
/** 
  * 1. 这里使用 Openfeign 接口方式进行远程调用 
  * 2. seata-account-micor-service 就是 被调用微服务在 Nacos Server 注册名 
  */
@FeignClient("seata-account-micro-service")
public interface AccountService {
    @PostMapping("/account/reduce")
    public Result reduce(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId,@RequestParam("money")  Integer money);
}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/service/StorageService.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.service;

import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Result;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
/** 
  * 1. 这里使用 Openfeign 接口方式进行远程调用 
  * 2. seata-storage-micro-service 就是 被调用微服务在 Nacos Server 注册名 
  */
@FeignClient("seata-storage-micro-service")
public interface StorageService {
    @PostMapping("/storage/reduce")
    public Result reduce(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("num") Integer num);
}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/service/impl/OrderServiceImpl.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.wwk.springcloud.dao.OrderDao;
import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Order;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.AccountService;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.OrderService;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.StorageService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Resource
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Resource
    private StorageService storageService;
    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;
    @Override
    public void save(Order order) {
        orderDao.save(order);//生成订单
        storageService.reduce(order.getProductId(),order.getNums());//扣减库存
        accountService.reduce(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());//扣减用户余额
        orderDao.update(order.getUserId(),1);//更新订单状态
    }
}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/controller/OrderController.java

package com.wwk.springcloud.controller;

import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Order;
import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Result;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
public class OrderController {
    @Resource
    private OrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping("/order/save")
    public Result save(Order order){
        orderService.save(order);
        return Result.success("200","订单生成成功OK!");
    }
}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/config/MyBatisConfig.java配置类

package com.wwk.springcloud.config;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@MapperScan({"com.wwk.springcloud.dao"})
public class MyBatisConfig {

}

创建 com/wwk/springcloud/config/DataSourceProxyConfig.java , 常规配置(拿来使用即可)

package com.wwk.springcloud.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
    @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource druidDataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    //注意这里的DataSourceProxy是io.seata.tm.datasource包下的千万别引成alibaba的
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        //注意这里getResources不要用getResource
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();

    }
}

创建主启动类 com/wwk/springcloud/SeataOrderMicroServiceApplication10008.java

package com.wwk.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class SeataOrderMicroServiceApplication10008 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SeataOrderMicroServiceApplication10008.class,args);
    }
}

测试 seata-order-micro-service-10008 微服务

启动 Nacos Server 8848
双击 Seata 的\bin\seata-server.bat , 启动 Seata Server
启动 seata-order-micro-service-10008
登录 Nacos Server , 查看 10008 微服务是否注册成功

在这里插入图片描述

3.6 集成测试(1)三个微服务协同完成-正常下单

启动 Nacos Server 8848
双击 Seata 的\bin\seata-server.bat , 启动 Seata Server
启动 seata-order-micro-service-10010 /10012/10008 三个微服务
浏览器 : http://localhost:10008/order/save？userId=666&productId=1&nums=1&money=100

返回结果：
在这里插入图片描述

查看数据库/表的情况是否正常, 结论：如果没有异常出现，正常下单，数据库三张表数据一致性是 OK 的

注意事项:

MySQL 出现 too many connections（1040）错误解决方法
在 my.ini 设置:

在 my.ini 设置 
max_connections=1000

如果出现: service id not legal hostname
报错 Service id not legal hostname 的原因是服务名称不能带有下划线，可以使用中划线, springcloud 无法识别下划线，把下划线改成中划线就好

3.7 集成测试(2) 三个微服务协同完成-模拟异常

启动 Nacos Server 8848
双击 Seata 的\bin\seata-server.bat , 启动 Seata Server
启动 seata-order-micro-service-10010 /10012/10008 三个微服务
浏览器 : http://localhost:10008/order/save？userId=666&productId=1&nums=1&money=100

1. seata_account_micro_service-10012 模块com/hspedu/springcloud/controller/AccountController.java，模拟异常出现

package com.wwk.springcloud.controller;

import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Result;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@RestController
public class AccountController {
    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;

    @PostMapping("/account/reduce")
    public Result reduce(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId,@RequestParam("money") Integer money){
        //模拟异常, 超时
        //openfeign 接口调用默认超时时间为 1s
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(12);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        accountService.reduce(userId,money);
        return Result.success("200","扣减账户余额成功OK");
    }
}

2. 浏览器相应结果:
在这里插入图片描述

3. 查看数据库/表的情况是否正常, 结论：这时数据库/表，出现数据不一致现象, 订单是未支付，但是库存减少了，账号钱也扣了(提示: 等休眠时间完成后，再查看 account 表，会看到数据不一致.)

3.8 集成测试(3) 三个微服务协同完成-使用@GlobalTransactional 完成分布式事务控制 (出现异常，也能保证数据一致性)

启动 Nacos Server 8848
双击 Seata 的\bin\seata-server.bat , 启动 Seata Server
启动 seata-order-micro-service-10010 /10012/10008 三个微服务
浏览器 : http://localhost:10008/order/save？userId=666&productId=1&nums=1&money=100

修改 seata_account_micro_service-10012 的 com/hspedu/springcloud/controller/AccountController.java,模拟异常出现

package com.wwk.springcloud.controller;

import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Result;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@RestController
public class AccountController {
    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;

    @PostMapping("/account/reduce")
    public Result reduce(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId,@RequestParam("money") Integer money){
        //模拟异常, 超时
        //openfeign 接口调用默认超时时间为 1s
        //1. 也可以使用其它方式模拟异常, 但在 Debug 看 Seata 分布式事务机制不 方便, 不好看效果 , 所以这里我们使用超时异常 
        //2. 因为是超时异常, 所以在 Debug 分析 Seata 机制时, 可能会发现某张表 被锁几条记录, 因为 seata 会做最终一致性操作(即尝试再提交上次超时的事务).
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(12);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        accountService.reduce(userId,money);
        return Result.success("200","扣减账户余额成功OK");
    }
}

修改 seata-order-micro-service-10008 的 com/hspedu/springcloud/service/impl/OrderServiceImpl.java,使用@GlobalTransactional 控制分布式事务，保证数据一致性

package com.wwk.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.wwk.springcloud.dao.OrderDao;
import com.wwk.springcloud.entity.Order;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.AccountService;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.OrderService;
import com.wwk.springcloud.service.StorageService;
import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service

public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Resource
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Resource
    private StorageService storageService;
    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;
    
    
    /** 创建订单->调用库存服务扣减库存->调用账户服务扣减账户余额->修改订单状态
     *1. @GlobalTransactional: 分布式全局事务控制 
     *2. name = "hspedu-save-order" 名称自己写，保证唯一即可 
     *3. rollbackFor = Exception.class 指定发生什么异常就回滚， 
     *这里指定只要发生异常就回滚 *
     */
    @Override
    @GlobalTransactional(name = "wwk-save-order",rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void save(Order order) {
        orderDao.save(order);//生成订单
        storageService.reduce(order.getProductId(),order.getNums());//扣减库存
        accountService.reduce(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());//扣减用户余额
        orderDao.update(order.getUserId(),1);//更新订单状态
    }
}

@GlobalTransactional的使用

浏览器相应结果:
查看数据库/表的情况是否正常, 结论：这时数据库/表，数据不一致性得到保证.

3.9 注意事项和细节

如果数据库/表使用到关键字，需要使用反引号

举例说明: 比如mapper/OrderMapper.xml , 这里的 order 就要使用``, 否则会报错

<insert id="save"> 
	insert into `order` (id,user_id,product_id,nums,money,status) 
	values (null,#{userId},#{productId},#{nums},#{money},0); 
</insert>

<update id="update"> 
	update `order` set status = 1 
	where user_id=#{userId} and status = #{status}; 
</update>

openfeign 在远程调用 api 接口时，默认超时时间为 1s

4.Seata 工作机制

4.1 分布式事务过程分析

1.分布式事务过程分析

Seata 分布式事务处理过程-ID+三组件模型

图解
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
2.梳理: 先说出现了几个术语 XID, TC, TM, RM

上图展示了一个分布式事务在Seata的处理过程
Transaction ID XID: 全局唯一的事务ID
Transaction Coordinator(TC) : 事务协调器，维护全局事务的运行状态，负责协调并驱动全局事务的提交或回滚
Transaction Manager™ : 控制全局事务的边界，负责开启一个全局事务，并最终发起全局提交或全局回滚的决议;
Resource Manager(RM) : 控制分支事务，负责分支注册，状态汇报，并接收事务协调器的指令，驱动分支（本地）事务的提交和回滚

3.执行过程

TM向 TC申请开启一个全局事务，全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一的 XID
XID在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播;
RM 向 TC注册分支事务，将其纳入 XID 对应全局事务的管辖
TM 向 TC 发起针对 XID 的全局提交或回滚决议
TC 调度 XID下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求。

4.2 Seata 事务模式

地址: https://seata.io/zh-cn/

在这里插入图片描述

AT(默认模式)
TCC
SAGA
XA
AT无侵入模式

1.文档

https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/overview/what-is-seata.html

2.一阶段加载

在一阶段，Seata 会拦截"业务 SQL"
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

解析 SQL 语义，找到"业务 SQL"要更新的业务数据，在业务数据被更新前，将其保存成"before image" (前置镜像)
执行"业务 SQL"更新业务数据，在业务数据更新之后, 其保存成"after image"/后置镜像
最后生成行锁
以上操作全部在一个数据库事务内完成，这样保证了一阶段操作的原子性

3.二阶段提交
在这里插入图片描述

二阶段如果是顺利提交
因为"业务 SQL"在一阶段已经提交至数据库，所以 Seata 框架只需将一阶段保存的快照数据和行锁删掉，完成数据清理即可

4.二阶段回滚

二阶段如果是回滚的话，Seata 就需要回滚一阶段已经执行的"业务 SQL"，还原业务数据。
回滚方式便是用"before image"还原业务数据;但在还原前要首先要校验脏写，对比"数据库当前业务数据"和"after image 如果两份数据完全一致就说明没有脏写，可以还原业务数据
如果不一致就说明有脏写，出现脏写就需要转人工处理。

5.SEATA 的分布式交易解决方案

在这里插入图片描述