Linux硬盘分区及挂载

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已于 2023-12-16 11:34:37 修改

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文章标签：运维 linux

于 2023-12-16 11:31:10 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60169980/article/details/130686109

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演示环境虚拟机，新挂的一块硬盘

1. 列出分区表：fdisk -l

第一块盘为/dev/sda,第二块为/dev/sdb,以此类推

[root@node ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000af452

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2. 开始分区:fdisk /dev/sdb

执行命令后会看到下面的提示：

Command (m for help)：n   #输入n或e (n为新建分区，e为扩展分区)
Partition type:   #分区类型
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) # 主分区
e extended # 扩展分区
Select (default p): p  #输入p 默认为主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1):  # 分区编号，默认1
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): 2048  # 第一个扇区，默认2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): 2097151 # 最后一个扇区，不输入的话就是分配整改扇区
#需要调整的话输入自己要分配的容量，如：+500G
Using default value 2097151

看到下面提示就说明成功了：

PaUsing default value 20971519

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w   # 输入w写入

输入w写入后会看到提示：

The partition table has been altered! # 分区表已被更改！

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. # 调用ioctl（）来重新读取分区表。

Syncing disks. # 正在同步磁盘。

3. 格式化新分区：xfs

[root@node ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb
meta-data=/dev/sdb               isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

4. 格式化新分区：ext4

[root@node ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

5. 临时挂载：xfs

[root@node ~]# mkdir -p /home/
[root@node ~]# mount -t xfs /dev/sdb  /home/
[root@node ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M   21M  889M   3% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        17G  4.2G   13G  25% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  151M  864M  15% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb                xfs        10G   33M   10G   1% /home  # 显示成功，格式为xfs

6. 临时挂载：ext4

[root@node ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb  /home/
[root@node ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M   21M  889M   3% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        17G  4.2G   13G  25% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  151M  864M  15% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb                ext4      9.8G   37M  9.2G   1% /home   # 显示成功，格式为ext4

7. 永久挂载：

xfs和ext4格式区别不大只需要注意以下格式即可

使用UUID：

[root@node ~]# blkid /dev/sdb   #用blkid命令拿到UUID
/dev/sdb: UUID="f80f36e2-b615-40fb-8c37-339b2d831e77" TYPE="xfs"
[root@node ~]# vim /etc/fstab  # 在末尾加入下列内容
UUID="f80f36e2-b615-40fb-8c37-339b2d831e77" TYPE="xfs"  xfs     defaults      0 0

不使用UUID：

[root@node ~]# vim /etc/fstab  # 在末尾加入下列内容
/dev/sdb /home  xfs  defaults 0 0

刷新挂载：

[root@node ~]# mount -a

8. 卸载：umount /home

以写入配置文件方式挂载时此命令无效，重启后会重新挂载，需要注释掉配置文件中匹配的行

[root@node ~]# umount /home

9. 更改挂载权限：

[root@node ~]# mount -o ro /dev/sdb /home   # 将挂载设备改为只读
[root@node ~]# mount -o rw /dev/sdb /home   # 将挂载设备改为可读写