> par(mai=c(0.6,0.6,0.4,0.4),cex=0.7)
> set.seed(2025)
> x<-rnorm(200)
> y<-1+2*x+rnorm(200
+ )
> d<-data.frame(x,y)
> plot(d,xlab="x=自变量",ylab="y=因变量")
> grid(col="grey60")
>axis(side=4,col.ticks="blue",lty=1)
> polygon(d[chull(d),],lty=6,lwd=1,col="lightgreen")
> points(d)
> points(mean(x),mean(y),pch=19,cex=5,col=2)
> abline(v=mean(x),h=mean(y),lty=2,col="grey30")
> abline(lm(y~x),lwd=2,col=2)
> lines(lowess(y~x,f=1/6),col=4,lwd=2,lty=6)
> segments(-0.8,0,-1.6,3.3,lty=6,col="blue")
> arrows(0.45,-2.2,-0.8,-0.6,code=2,angle=25,length=0.06,col=2)
> text(-2.2,3.5,labels=expression("拟合的曲线"),adj=c(-0.1,0.02),col=4)
> rect(0.4,-1.6,1.8,-3,col="pink",border = "grey60")
> mtext(expression(hat(y)==hat(beta)[0]+hat(beta)[1]*x),cex=0.9,side=1,line=-2.5,adj=0.7)
> legend("topleft",legend = c("拟合的曲线","拟合的曲线"),lty=c(1,6),col=c(2,4),cex=0.8,fill("red","blue"),box.col="grey60",ncol=1,inset=0.02)
> title("散点图及拟合直线和曲线\n并为图形增加新的元素",cex.main=1,font.main=4)
> box(col=4,lwd=2)
其中,高级绘图函数指从空白开始绘制图片的函数,而相对应的低级绘图函数指的是在原有图片上用于增添图形的函数。
绘制结果