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⛄ 内容介绍
热电联供型微网(CHP-MG)对实现能源可持续发展和构建绿色低碳社会具有重要的应用价值，而内部复杂的能源结构与设备耦合关系，也对其运行优化带来了挑战。利用供需双侧电、热能的互动互补关系，在供给侧采用储能装置实现联供设备的热电解耦，通过各能源转换设备提升系统多能源的供应能力。在需求侧对负荷类型进
行分类，利用电负荷的弹性和系统供热方式的多样性，构建含电负荷时移、削减响应及热负荷供能方式响应的综合能源需求响应模型，并提出响应补偿机制。在此基础上，以系统运行成本与响应补偿成本之和最小为目标，综合考虑供需双侧设备运行和可调度负荷资源约束，建立基于多能互补的 CHP-MG 优化运行数学模型。基于算例的仿真结果和对比分析表明：考虑多能互补的供需双侧协同优化能有效提高系统供能的灵活性以及运行经济性。
⛄ 部分代码
%方式4：
clc;
clear all;
close all
%10个高概率风电功率
w=2*fix([38,37,27,29,23,14,21,13,43,76,59,70,49,41,51,41,28,21,18,18,33,41,45,42;
34,38,33,29,26,13,19,13,38,40,59,78,51,38,54,43,24,21,22,22,25,39,48,30;
30,30,27,35,27,13,18,14,39,50,58,84,58,39,47,44,25,20,22,18,28,41,36,46;
39,32,32,34,23,14,20,14,43,50,61,73,60,41,48,43,26,21,22,20,29,40,43,30;
32,39,28,30,21,12,22,16,37,62,53,77,60,39,50,49,25,20,21,18,30,40,38,48;
34,43,26,30,22,18,21,12,41,56,65,78,47,37,50,45,23,21,21,20,27,40,39,40;
40,43,32,30,24,16,21,15,41,65,62,69,55,44,53,42,27,21,20,21,28,42,41,50;
39,40,26,28,25,14,21,18,39,70,54,68,51,38,56,43,25,17,21,17,28,36,40,35;
41,43,30,30,22,13,20,13,46,66,55,79,55,37,48,37,28,18,22,19,27,41,41,48;
41,38,30,27,23,15,17,14,39,61,62,78,54,39,46,45,22,20,20,20,28,35,36,52]);
Pwind=w(5,:);
% 日前计划 预测负荷
load=[178 160 200 220 258 260 286 380 380 385 360 320 280 254 266 285 312 335 326 288 200 185 146 120];%电用户
Phot=[360,353,342,342,331,328,287,265,240,245,244,238,233,229,232,237,249,257,266,270,301,321,341,366];
bb=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]; %这个不用管
%可中断量
L5=[19,24,24,19,24,29,64,49,64,59,59,59,49,59,59,39,39,64,64,19,44,19,44,19]; %可中断
%时移
L6=[18,8,13,13,18,13,13,18,23,33,23,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,13,13,13,8,8,8];%可平移
%供热选择量--电热量
L7=[17,22,22,17,22,26,58,85,88,84,84,84,65,64,74,55,35,58,58,17,40,17,40,17];
for i=1:24
if i>=7&&i<=12
Cgas(i)=1.57;
elseif i>=19&&i<=22
Cgas(i)=1.57;
elseif i>=13&&i<=18
Cgas(i)=2.05;
else
Cgas(i)=2.05;
end
end
%%一天分为24小时，时间步长取1小时/60min
%%%% 1台MT机组,1台
LHV=9.75; %低热值
aF=[0.5869 0.3952 ]';%机组参数
bF=[8.6204 -0.185]';
aH=[1.377]';
bH=[20.38]';
%% PCC
Pgrid_max=[320 320]';
Pgrid_min=[0 0]';
%% Pnas
Pnas_max=[60 60]';
Pnas_min=[0 0]';
%%%%%%%%%%%%锅炉
H_max=600;H_n=0.98%锅炉容量/转换率
Peh_max=60;n_Peh=0.98;%转换设备/转换率
H_storage_max=800; h_n=0.98;h_charge=0.9;h_discharge=1;%热储能容量/自损/充热/放热；
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 储能 相关系数
%容量 1000 初始500
SOC_max=[800]';
SOC_min=[200]';
SOC_ini=0.5;
%% 峰 平 谷 电价
buy=[1.243 0.8934 0.47];%谷/峰 购电价
%% 赋值
MT=intvar(1,24,'full');
Pgrid=intvar(1,24,'full'); % 购 、 售
Pnas=intvar(2,24,'full'); % 充、 放
H=intvar(1,24,'full');%锅炉
P=intvar(1,24,'full');%转热负荷
Hti=intvar(1,24,'full');%充热
Hto=intvar(1,24,'full');%放热
%% 0-1赋值
I_Hti=binvar(1,24,'full');%充热
I_Hto=binvar(1,24,'full');%放热
I_MT=binvar(1,24,'full');
I_Pnas=binvar(2,24,'full');% 1运行 0停止
I_P=binvar(1,24,'full');
%% 目标函数
for i=1:24%发电成本
Cf(1,i)=Cgas(i)*(aF(1)*MT(1,i)+bF(1)*I_MT(1,i));
end
for i=1:24%%%%余热回收
H_cycle(1,i)=aH(1)*MT(1,i)+bH(1)*I_MT(1,i);
end
for k=1:24 %PCC交互成本 % 1-5，23-24 谷 % 6-12，19-22 峰 % 13-18 平
if k>=1&&k<7
Cgrid(1,k)=Pgrid(1,k).*buy(3);
elseif k>=7&&k<13
Cgrid(1,k)=Pgrid(1,k).*buy(1);
elseif k>=13&&k<19
Cgrid(1,k)=Pgrid(1,k).*buy(2);
elseif k>=19&&k<23
Cgrid(1,k)=Pgrid(1,k).*buy(1);
else
Cgrid(1,k)=Pgrid(1,k).*buy(3);
end
end
for k=1:24 %需求响应单位成本
if k>=1&&k<7
bu_q(1,k)=0.9*buy(1);
bu_x(1,k)=0.5*buy(1);
bu_p(1,k)=0.6*Cgas(1,k);
elseif k>=7&&k<13
bu_q(1,k)=0.9*buy(1);
bu_x(1,k)=0.5*buy(1);
bu_p(1,k)=0.6*Cgas(1,k);
elseif k>=13&&k<19
bu_q(1,k)=0.9*buy(1);
bu_x(1,k)=0.5*buy(1);
bu_p(1,k)=0.6*Cgas(1,k);
elseif k>=19&&k<23
bu_q(1,k)=0.9*buy(1);
bu_x(1,k)=0.5*buy(1);
bu_p(1,k)=0.6*Cgas(1,k);
else
bu_q(1,k)=0.8*buy(1);
bu_x(1,k)=buy(1)/2;
bu_p(1,k)=0.6*Cgas(k);
end
end
for k=1:24 %% 切除负荷成本
Ck1(1,k)=P(1,k).*bu_p(1,k);
end
for i=1:24%锅炉成本
Ch(1,i)=Cgas(i)*(H(1,i)+P(1,i)*0.98)/LHV;
end
F=0;%目标函数
mm=3.1;
for k=1:24 %1.8
F=F+Cf(1,k)+Cgrid(1,k)+Ch(1,k)+(Pnas(1,k)+Pnas(2,k))*0.024+Ck1(1,k);
end
for k=1:24 %SOC值
SOC(k)=(500+sum(Pnas(1,1:k).*I_Pnas(1,1:k)-(Pnas(2,1:k)).*I_Pnas(2,1:k)))/1000;
end
begin=500;
for i=1:24%%热储能
L(1,i)=begin*h_n+h_charge*Hti(1,i)-Hto(1,i);%%%热储能容量
begin=L(1,i);
end
%% 约束条件
constraints=[];
%% 状态约束
for k=1:24 %Pgrid状态 %Pnas状态
constraints=[constraints,I_Pnas(1,k)+I_Pnas(2,k)<=1];
constraints=[constraints,I_Hti(1,k)+I_Hto(1,k)<=1];
end
constraints=[constraints,sum(I_Pnas(1,1:24)+I_Pnas(2,1:24))<=14];
%% 上下限约束
for k=1:24
constraints=[constraints,25.*I_MT(1,k)<=MT(1,k)<=145.*I_MT(1,k)];
constraints=[constraints,Pgrid_min<=Pgrid(1,k)<=Pgrid_max];
constraints=[constraints,Pnas_min.*I_Pnas(1,k)<=Pnas(1,k)<=Pnas_max.*I_Pnas(1,k)];
constraints=[constraints,Pnas_min.*I_Pnas(2,k)<=Pnas(2,k)<=Pnas_max.*I_Pnas(2,k)];
constraints=[constraints,0<=P(1,k)<=0.9*L7(k).*I_P(1,k)];
end
constraints=[constraints,I_P(1,1:6)==0];
constraints=[constraints,I_P(1,22:24)==0];
%%% MT爬坡率
for i=1:23
constraints=[constraints,-55<=MT(1,i+1)-MT(1,i)<=65];
end
% PCC深度限制
for k=1:23
constraints=[constraints,-90<=Pgrid(1,k+1)-Pgrid(1,k)<=90];
end
%%荷电状态
for k=1:24
constraints=[constraints,SOC_min<=300+sum(Pnas(1,1:k)-Pnas(2,1:k))<=SOC_max];
end
%%储能充放电深度限制
for k=1:23
constraints=[constraints,-50<=Pnas(1,k+1)-Pnas(2,k+1)-Pnas(1,k)+Pnas(2,k)<=50];
end
constraints=[constraints,sum(Pnas(1,1:24))==sum(Pnas(2,1:24))];
%%%锅炉上下限、爬坡率
for i=1:24
constraints=[constraints,30<=H(1,i)<=H_max];
end
for i=1:23
constraints=[constraints,-90<=H(1,i+1)-H(1,i)<=90];
end
%%热储能容量约束、充热约束、放热约束、状态约束
for i=1:24
constraints=[constraints,200<=L(1,i)<=H_storage_max];
end
%热储能约束
for i=1:24
constraints=[constraints,0<=Hti(1,i)<=45*I_Hti(1,i)];
constraints=[constraints,0<=Hto(1,i)<=45*I_Hto(1,i)];
end
constraints=[constraints,sum(Hti(1,1:24))==sum(Hto(1,1:24))];
for i=1:23
constraints=[constraints,-40<=Hti(1,i+1)-Hto(1,i+1)-(Hti(1,i)-Hto(1,i))<=60];
end
%%功率平衡
for k=1:24
constraints=[constraints,P(1,k)+MT(1,k)-Pnas(1,k)+Pnas(2,k)+Pgrid(1,k)+Pwind(1,k)==load(k)+L5(1,k)+L6(1,k)+L7(1,k)];
end
%%热平衡
for i=1:24
constraints=[constraints,Phot(1,i)+2>=H_cycle(1,i)+H(1,i)*H_n+(-Hti(1,i)+h_discharge*Hto(1,i))>=Phot(1,i)];
end
%参数设置
opss = sdpsettings('solver', 'cplex', 'verbose',2);
%%%%%
result=solvesdp(constraints,F,opss);
charge=double(Pnas(1,:)-Pnas(2,:));
charge_hot=double(Hti(1,:)-Hto(1,:));
Pgrid=double(Pgrid);
% Peh=double(Peh);
H=double(H);
MT=double(MT)
P=double(P);
t=0:1:23;
figure()
subplot(5,1,1)
stairs(t,MT(1,:),'--or','MarkerFaceColor','r');
legend('MT');
xlabel('时间（t/h)');
ylabel('功率（P/kW）');
title('机组');
subplot(5,1,2)
plot(t,charge,'--or','MarkerFaceColor','r');
hold on
plot(t,charge_hot,'--^k','MarkerFaceColor','k');
legend('Pnas','L');
xlabel('时间（t/h)');
ylabel('功率（P/kW）');
title('储能')
subplot(5,1,3)
plot(t,Pgrid(1,:),'--or','MarkerFaceColor','r');
legend('Pgrid');
xlabel('时间（t/h)');
ylabel('功率（P/kW）');
title('交换功率')
subplot(5,1,4)
plot(t,H(1,:)+P(1,:)*n_Peh,'--or','MarkerFaceColor','r');
hold on
plot(t,L7-P(1,:),'--^k','MarkerFaceColor','k');
legend('燃气锅炉','电锅炉');
xlabel('时间（t/h)');
ylabel('功率（P/kW）');
title('燃料')
F=double(F);
%
%%%%%%%状态变量
ahead_MT=double(I_MT);
ahead_Hti=double(I_Hti);
ahead_Hto=double(I_Hto);
ahead_Pnas=double(I_Pnas);
%%%%%%%变量数值
a_MT=double(MT);
a_Pnas=double(Pnas);
a_Pgrid=double(Pgrid);
a_H=double(H);
F=double(F);
figure()
T=0:1:23;
plot(T,load+L5+L6+L7);
hold on
plot(T,load+L5+L6+L7-P,'r');
x=1:24;
PP=[Pgrid;Pnas(2,x);MT;Pwind];
PP1=[bb;-Pnas(1,x);bb;bb];
figure
bar(PP','stack');
h=legend('交换功率','蓄电池出力','燃气轮机出力','风电出力出力','Location','NorthWest');
set(h,'Orientation','horizon')
hold on
bar(PP1','stack');
plot(x,value(load+L5+L6+L7-P),'r','linewidth',2);
xlabel('时段');ylabel('功率/kW');
hold off
x=1:24;
QQ=[Hto;H(1,x)*H_n;H_cycle];
QQ1=[-Hti];
figure
bar(QQ','stack');
h=legend('蓄热槽出力','燃气锅炉出力','余热锅炉出力','Location','NorthWest');
set(h,'Orientation','horizon')
hold on
bar(QQ1','stack');
plot(x,value(Phot),'r','linewidth',2);
xlabel('时段');ylabel('功率/kW');
hold off
⛄ 运行结果
⛄ 参考文献
[1]程杉, 魏昭彬, 黄天力,等. 基于多能互补的热电联供型微网优化运行[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(11):9.
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