1 简介
从光的电磁理论出发构建模型,运用MATLAB软件的矩阵计算能力,动态模拟了杨氏双缝干涉实验的全过程,并生成了一个便于实验教学演示的GUI用户界面.以日光为白光光源,把日光的可见光谱均匀分割为2 000份色光,利用Matlab软件实现了白光夫琅和费不同形状矩孔衍射实验的计算机仿真,并根据仿真结果分析了衍射图像的分布特征.结果表明,白光夫琅和费矩孔衍射的仿真图像,清晰,鲜艳而逼真,中央亮斑为白色,其余条纹则内紫外红;衍射的光强分布为两个相互垂直的单缝衍射因子相互调制的结果,单缝衍射是矩孔衍射的特例.
2 部分代码
function varargout = untitled1(varargin)
% UNTITLED1 MATLAB code for untitled1.fig
% UNTITLED1, by itself, creates a new UNTITLED1 or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = UNTITLED1 returns the handle to a new UNTITLED1 or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% UNTITLED1('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in UNTITLED1.M with the given input arguments.
%
% UNTITLED1('Property','Value',...) creates a new UNTITLED1 or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before untitled1_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to untitled1_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help untitled1
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 13-May-2019 12:05:52
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @untitled1_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @untitled1_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before untitled1 is made visible.
function untitled1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to untitled1 (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for untitled1
handles.output = hObject;
axes(handles.axes1)
cData=imread('杨氏双缝实验.jpg');
image(cData);
title('杨氏双缝干涉示意图')
axis off;
set(handles.edit1,'String','建议范围200~1000nm');
set(handles.edit2,'String','建议范围0.1~0.5mm');
set(handles.edit3,'String','建议范围1~5m');
set(handles.edit4,'String','1');
set(handles.edit5,'String','1');
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = untitled1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.slider1,'value',str2num(get(hObject,'string')));
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.edit1,'string',num2str(get(hObject,'value')));
% hObject handle to slider1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
la=get(handles.slider1,'value');
set(handles.edit1,'string',num2str(la));
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.slider2,'value',str2num(get(hObject,'string')));
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.edit2,'string',num2str(get(hObject,'value')));
% hObject handle to slider2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
d=get(handles.slider2,'value');
set(handles.edit2,'string',num2str(d));
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.slider3,'value',str2num(get(hObject,'string')));
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.edit3,'string',num2str(get(hObject,'value')));
% hObject handle to slider3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
D=get(handles.slider3,'value');
set(handles.edit3,'string',num2str(D));
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
function edit4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.slider4,'value',str2num(get(hObject,'string')));
% hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit4 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit4 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.edit4,'string',num2str(get(hObject,'value')));
% hObject handle to slider4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
A1=get(handles.slider1,'value');
set(handles.edit1,'string',num2str(A1));
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
function edit5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.slider5,'value',str2num(get(hObject,'string')));
% hObject handle to edit5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit5 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit5 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit5_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.edit5,'string',num2str(get(hObject,'value')));
% hObject handle to slider5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
A2=get(handles.slider1,'value');
set(handles.edit1,'string',num2str(A2));
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider5_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
la=str2num(get(handles.edit1,'String')).*10.^(-9);
num=str2num(get(handles.edit2,'String'));
d=num.*10.^(-3);
D=str2num(get(handles.edit3,'String'));
A1=str2num(get(handles.edit4,'String'));
A2=str2num(get(handles.edit5,'String'));
%A1=1;
%A2=1; %光源振幅
xm=0.005;%接收屏范围
ym=xm;
n=1001;
xs=linspace(-xm,xm,n);
ys=linspace(-ym,ym,n);
r1=sqrt((xs+d/2).^2+ys.^2+D.^2);
r2=sqrt((xs-d/2).^2+ys.^2+D.^2);
E1=A1./r1.*exp(1i*r1*2*pi/la);
E2=A2./r1.*exp(1i*r2*2*pi/la);
E=E1+E2;
I=abs(E).^2;
NCL=255;%确定所用灰度等级为255级
Br=(I/4)*NCL;
axes(handles.axes2)
image(xs,ys,Br);
colormap(gray(NCL));
xlabel('双缝干涉条纹')
axes(handles.axes3)
plot(xs,I);
xlabel('干涉强度曲线')
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
delete(gcf);
untitled;
3 仿真结果
4 参考文献
[1]李喜贵, 张阳. MATLAB编程实现杨氏双缝干涉实验的计算机动态模拟[C]// 第六届全国高等学校物理实验教学研讨会. 0.
博主简介：擅长智能优化算法、神经网络预测、信号处理、元胞自动机、图像处理、路径规划、无人机等多种领域的Matlab仿真，相关matlab代码问题可私信交流。
部分理论引用网络文献，若有侵权联系博主删除。
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