晓燕长难句笔记——定语和定语从句

1.什么是定语

只要听到…..的+名词 …的就是修饰这个名词的定语成分。

2.定语的成分

1）形容词作定语

那只善良的夜莺最后死了。

The innocent（adj.幼稚的，善良的） nightingale died.

那只善良和勇敢的夜莺死了

The nightingale brave and innocent died.

夜莺的歌声能够使这朵玫瑰花开放

The singing（n.歌唱，歌声 adj. 唱歌的 v.唱） of the nightingale can make the rose bloom（n.花朵v.开花）

2）名词作定语

3）介词短语作定语

窗外的夜莺听到了年轻人的感叹

The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs of the youngster.

4）非谓语动词作定语

那只唱歌的夜莺失去了它的生命

The singing nightingale lost his life .

5）从句作定语

夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰花被扔掉

The rose that/which the nightale exchanged with his life was discarded.

3.定语的位置

前小后大：当一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前。当多个单词修饰名词，通常放在名词后

这是一个关于夜莺和玫瑰的故事

This is a faction about a nightingale and a rose.

那个懂爱的年轻人离开了王子的舞会

The youngster grasping romance left the party of the price.

被拒绝的那个男生看起来很可怜

The rejected boy looks pitiful.

The boy rejected looks pitiful. 当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后。

我有重要的事情告诉你

I have something important to tell you.

当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后。

4.定语从句

1）定语从句的构成

n.+引导词+句子

2）定语从句的引导词

定语从句的引导词是按照先行词的种类分的类，一共把引导词分成五类

当先行词是人的时候，引导词有：who whom whose that

当先行词是物的时候， 引导词有：that which whose

当先行词是时间的时候，引导词有：that which when

当先行词是地点的时候，引导词有：that which where

当先行词是原因的时候，引导词有：that which why

3）到底是谁决定了定语从句引导词的用法

I will never forget the day when I met you.

I will never forget the day that We spend.

到底是谁决定了定语从句引导词的用法

/1 先行词

/2 引导词在从句中能够充当的成分，共同决定了定语从句引导词的用法

定语从句引导词新的分类标准

定语从句的引导词还可以按照引导词本身的词性来分类。一共把引导词分成三类

代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语的成分）：who whom that which

副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）：where when why

形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的那个名词）：whose

这些圆顶的建筑物看起来很漂亮。

Buildings Whose roofs are round look beautiful.

成功属于有梦想的人，已经被无数个事实所证明了。

It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those with dreams

穿自己的鞋不仅方便而且确保了一点不用去管别人的感受。

Wearing my own proves shoes ont only convenient but also ensure a point that the feelings of others can be ignored.

问题的关键是谁应该为道德的沦丧负责呢。

The point of the issue seems who should be responsible for the decline of athics.

外表看起来非常邋遢的他其实内心很高尚。

He whose appearance looks in decent proves noble in his mind.

那些全力以赴去实现梦想的人，即使最终没有成功也不会感到遗憾，这很重要。

It seems very important that those spare no efforts to realize their dreams never feel pitiful although they fail to achieve glories.

上课不集中精力而又想通过考试的同学往往会发现结果很糟糕。

Students fail to concentrate in class but wish to pass examinations smoothly tend to find that the consequence proves less impressive.

5.定语从句的特殊用法

1）that 在引导定语从句的时候，如果在从句中充当的是宾语 ，that可以省略

I enjoy the book that my mom bought for me.

在分析长难句的时候，如果见到有俩个名词或者代词直接放在一起，中间没有被连词或者是标点符号隔开，通常都是省略了that的定语从句

2）区别限制和非限制定语从句的区别

在分析长难句的时候，非限制型定语从句就相当于插入语可以完全不看

3）如果先行词和引导词之间有介词的话，人不用who只能用whom,物不用that只能用which

马云是我们应该学习的人。

He is the man from whom We should learn .

我永远忘不了我遇见你的那一天，

I will never forget the day on which I met you.

4）区别the same…as 和 the same…that

看例句： He is the same man as I love. He is the same man that I love.

5）as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句

Which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面整个句子，as也可以，但是which只能放在主句的后面，而as则可前可后。

他喜欢和年轻的女人说话,这件事使我很生气。

He enjoys talking with young ladies ，which drives me mad.

6）区别定语从句和同位语从句

I have a dream that sounds funny .

I have a dream that I will become a rich lady.

相同点：都是先行词+引导词+句子

不同点：1.看从句本身的意思，定语从句是对前面名词的修饰，而同位语从句是对前面名词意思的解释

2.看引导词that在从句中是否充当了成分，如果充当了成分就是定语从句，如果没有充当就是同位语从句

3.定语从句的先行词可以是所有的名词，而同位语从句的先行词只能是抽象名词

4.定语从句的引导词一共有8个，而同位语从句的引导词一般都是that

7）定语从句的至难点是：寻找先行词

1.定语从句的先行词是离它最近的几个名词

2.定语从句的先行词是它前面并列的几个名词

3.定语从句的先行词是它前面的一个从句

4.定语从句的先行词是它前面的整个句子

5.定语从句的先行词和引导词之间被一坨东西隔开了

8）定语从句的考点分析

1.定语和定语从句在写作中的使用，只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识的给它加一个定语的成分把句子拉长。

宠物能够减少孤单

Lovely pets which look cute as well as healthy can reduce loneliness of senior citizens without any children who can take care of them.

读书能够增长知识

Reading books which look interesting as well as meaningful /which keep beneficial to physical and mental health can add knowledge of all children and adults.

万能定语： which look 后面用as well as 并列俩个形容词 ，如果是人的话，用who

Pets such as ….. books such as….. 必须是名词复数

9）英汉差异对比

1.汉语讲究意合，英语形合

A.句子结构上

B.逻辑关系词的使用上

2.汉语主动，英语被动

在过去的几十年里.政府采取了很多措施

In the past decades,A variety of actions were adopted by the authorities to prevent disasters.

3.汉语多短句，英语多长句

乌镇是浙江的一个水镇，它位于京杭大运河旁。

WuZhen is a water town in Zj province . It locates near the river from BJ to HZ.

非谓语动词。

WuZhen is a water town in Zj province ， locateing near the river from BJ to HZ.

加连词。

WuZhen is a water town in Zj province and locates near the river from BJ to HZ

写成从句

WuZhen which locates near the river from BJ to HZ is a water town in Zj province .

我昨天去打球了，在操场上遇见了一个女人，她的女儿正在跑步。

I played football yesterday .I came across a lady on the playground .Her son was running.

When I played football yesterday , I came across a lady on the playground whose son was running.

Playing football yesterday ,I came across a lady on the playground whose son was running.

二.定语的长难句分析：能够找到一句话当中的定语成分，并且把它们通顺的翻译出来

找定语的关键就是找名词，只要名词后有一坨东西，只要这一坨东西不是动词，就暂定为修饰这个名词的定语成分（还有可能是状语哟），定语从名词后开始到主句的谓语动词之前结束。如果定语在主句的谓语动词之后的话，定语就从名词后开始通常到句末结束，如果定语后有连词的话，定语不再是到句末结束，而是到连词前结束。

一个大定语中通常有无数个小定语，每一个小定语都是到下一个名词后结束，但是固定搭配除外。

n+定语/插入语/状语/动词