定语从句

什么是定语从句？

只要听到 “ … 的 + 名词 （短语） “，” … 的 “ 就是修饰这个 名词（短语） 的定语成分。

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定语的成分

• 形容词

  The innocent nightingale died

  The nightingale brave and innocent died.

• 名词

  The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.

• 介词短语

The nightingle out of the window heard the sights of the young man.

• 非谓语动词

The singing nightingle died because of love.

• 从句

• 形容词性（物主）动词

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定语的位置

• 原则：前小后大

  • 当一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前

  • 当多个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词后

    This is a fiction about a nightangle and a rose.

    The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince(princess).

  • 当过去分词修饰名词的时候，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后

The rejected boy rejected looks pitiful.

• 当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后

I have something important to tell you.

> I have something **to advise you**.(形容词不定式)

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定语从句的构成

• n.（先行词：从句修饰该名词） + 引导词 + 句子（从句）

• 引导词的分类

  • 定语从句的引导词按照先行词的种类可分为五类：
  1. 当先行词是人的时候：who、whom、whose
  2. 当先行词是物的时候：that、which、whose
  3. 当先行词是时间的时候：that、which、when
  4. 当先行词是地点的时候：that、which、where
  5. 当先行词是原因的时候：that、which、why

  • 谁决定引导词的用法：

    • 先行词
    • 引导词在从句中能够充当的成分

    I will never forget the day when I met you.

    I will never forget the day which/that we spent.

  • 定语从句的引导词按其词性可分为三类：

    1. 代词（在从句中一定是充当主语或宾语成分）：
       • “人”：who、whom
       • ”物“：that、which
    2. 副词（在从句中不充当任何成分）：where、when、why
    3. 形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的那个名词）：whose

• 例句：

  The rose that / which then exchanged with his life was discarded.

  Buildings whose roofs are round look beautiful.

  It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those.

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定语从句的特殊用法

1. " that " 在引导定语从句时，如果在从句中充当的是宾语，“ that ”可以省略

   I enjoy the book that my mom bought for me.

• 在分析长难句的时候，如果见到有两个名词或代词直接放在一起，中间没有被连词或标点符号隔开，通常都是省略了 “ that ” 的定语从句
  2. 区别限制性和非限制性定语从句

  • 在分析长难句的时候，非限制性定语从句就相当于插入语，可以完全不看

  3. 先行词和引导词之间存在介词时

     • "人" 只能用 whom 不用 who
     • "物" 只能用 which 不用 that

     He is the man whom/which we should learn from.

     He is the man from whom we should learn from.

     I will never forget the day when I met you.

     I will never forget the day on which I met you.

  4. 区别 “ the same … as ” 和 “ the same … that ” 引导的定语从句

     He is the same man as I love. “ as ” 翻译为 “ 像 ”

     He is the same man that I love. “ that ” 翻译为 “ 是 ”

  5. " as " 和 " which " 引导的非限制性定语从句

     • " which " 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整句，“as” 也可以但是“ which ”只能放在主句后面，而 “ as ” 则可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后。

     He enjoys talking with young ladies,which drives me mad.

     As drives me mad,He enjoys talking with young ladies.

  6. 定语从句中引导词 “ which ” 和 “ that ” 的区别（见书）

     • 用 which 的情况
     • 用 that 的情况

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区分定语从句和同位语从句

I have a dream that sounds funny.

I have a dream that I will become a rich lady.

• 相同点：都是 先行词 + 引导词 + 句子
• 不同点：
  • 看从句本身的意思，定语从句是对前面名词的修饰，而同位语从句是对前面名词的解释
  • 看引导词 " that " 在从句总是否充当了成分，如果充当了成分就定语从句，否则为同位语从句
  • 定语从句的先行词可以是所有的名词，而同位语从句的先行词只能是抽象名词
  • 定语从句的引导词有八个，而同位语从句的引导词一般为 " that "