运维高级课程第一次作业

数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下
1.创建student和score表

mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE student (
    -> id int(10) not null unique primary key,
    -> name varchar(20) not null,
    -> sex varchar(4),
    -> birth year,
    -> department varchar(20),
    -> address varchar(50)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.13 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE score (
    -> id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT , stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
    -> c_name VARCHAR(20) , grade INT(10)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 3 warnings (0.12 sec)

2.为student表和score表增加记录，向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

两张表记录如下：

 

 3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@server ~]# mkdir -p /backup/mysql
[root@server ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' -B scool > /backup/mysql/back02.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@server ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p'123456' -B > /backup/mysql/back03.sql

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@server ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p'123456' -B > /backup/mysql/back03.sql

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@server ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' -B school student > /backup/mysql/back05.sql

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

#这里再创建一个 数据库school_1
mysql> create database school_1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
[root@server ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school school_1 -B > /backup/mysql/back06.sql

8.仅仅备份数据库结构 

[root@server ~]# mysqldump --no-data -uroot -p'123456' school > /backup/mysql/back07.sql

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@server ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --all-databases -B > /backup/mysql/back08.sql

10.还原MySQL数据库

#先删掉school的数据库
mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school_1           |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' < /backup/backup02.sql 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| school_1           |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

# 方法一：直接恢复
[root@server mysql]# zcat t1_3.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123456
# 方法二：解压后在 mysql 命令行恢复
[root@server mysql]# gzip -d t1_3.sql.gz
mysql> source /home/mysql/t1_3.sql

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@server mysql ~]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --no-timestamp /backup/mysql/full_$(date +%F)

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

# 应用日志文件的数据
[root@server-mysql ~]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --apply-log /backup/mysql/full_2021-12-18/
# 停止 mysql 服务
[root@server-mysql ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
# 删除 mysql 数据目录中的文件
[root@server-mysql ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
# 恢复数据
[root@server-mysql ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/mysql/full_2021-12-18/
# 修改目录所属者、所属组
[root@server-mysql ~]# chmod -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/*
# 启动 mysqld 服务
[root@server-mysql ~]# systemctl start mysql

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

# mydumper工具备份
[root@server-mysql ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B zuoye_5 -o /mysql_back
# mydumper工具备份，同时压缩
[root@server-mysql ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B zuoye_5 -c -o /mysql_back
# 备份表
[root@server-mysql ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B zuoye_5 -T student,course -o /backup/tables

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

# 恢复文件
[root@server-mysql ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -B it -o -d /mysql_back/
# 恢复表
[root@server-mysql ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -d /backup/tables/ -o -B student