Python常用的10个自动化脚本（附详细源码）！

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已于 2024-08-14 15:12:29 修改

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： python 自动化自动化办公开发语言

于 2024-08-14 14:23:50 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62283350/article/details/141189481

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前言

Python是一种强大的编程语言，非常适合自动化各种任务。以下列出了Python常用于自动化的10个脚本示例，涵盖了文件管理、网络操作、数据处理等多个方面（文末附python学习资料）。

1. 文件备份脚本

这个脚本可以定期备份指定目录下的所有文件到另一个位置。

import shutilimport osimport datetimedef backup_files(src, dst):    timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")    for filename in os.listdir(src):        shutil.copy(os.path.join(src, filename), os.path.join(dst, f"{timestamp}_{filename}"))if __name__ == "__main__":    src_dir = "/path/to/source"    dst_dir = "/path/to/destination"    backup_files(src_dir, dst_dir)

2. 数据下载脚本

该脚本可以从网页下载数据。

import requestsdef download_file(url, path):    response = requests.get(url)    with open(path, 'wb') as file:        file.write(response.content)if __name__ == "__main__":    url = "http://example.com/data.csv"    download_file(url, "/path/to/downloaded/file.csv")

3. 文件重命名脚本

批量重命名文件。

import osdef rename_files(directory, prefix="new_prefix"):    for filename in os.listdir(directory):        new_name = f"{prefix}_{filename}"        os.rename(os.path.join(directory, filename), os.path.join(directory, new_name))if __name__ == "__main__":    directory = "/path/to/directory"    rename_files(directory)

4. CSV数据处理脚本

读取CSV文件并进行一些基本的数据处理。

import csvdef process_csv(input_path, output_path):    with open(input_path, newline='') as csvfile:        reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)        fieldnames = reader.fieldnames + ['new_column']        with open(output_path, 'w', newline='') as outfile:            writer = csv.DictWriter(outfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)            writer.writeheader()            for row in reader:                row['new_column'] = row['column_name'] * 2                writer.writerow(row)if __name__ == "__main__":    input_path = "/path/to/input.csv"    output_path = "/path/to/output.csv"    process_csv(input_path, output_path)

5. 网络监控脚本

监控服务器的网络连接状态。

import subprocessdef check_network(host="8.8.8.8", port=53):    result = subprocess.run(["ping", "-c", "1", host], capture_output=True, text=True)    if result.returncode == 0:        print("Network is up.")    else:        print("Network is down.")if __name__ == "__main__":    check_network()

6. 自动邮件发送脚本

自动发送电子邮件。

import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextdef send_email(subject, message, to_addr, from_addr, password):    msg = MIMEText(message)    msg['Subject'] = subject    msg['From'] = from_addr    msg['To'] = to_addr    server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.example.com')    server.starttls()    server.login(from_addr, password)    server.send_message(msg)    server.quit()if __name__ == "__main__":    subject = "Daily Report"    message = "This is the daily report."    to_addr = "recipient@example.com"    from_addr = "sender@example.com"    password = "password"    send_email(subject, message, to_addr, from_addr, password)

7. 目录同步脚本

同步两个目录的内容。

import shutildef sync_directories(src, dst):    shutil.rmtree(dst, ignore_errors=True)    shutil.copytree(src, dst)if __name__ == "__main__":    src_dir = "/path/to/source"    dst_dir = "/path/to/destination"    sync_directories(src_dir, dst_dir)

8. 网页抓取脚本

抓取网页内容。

import requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupdef fetch_webpage(url):    response = requests.get(url)    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')    return soup.prettify()if __name__ == "__main__":    url = "http://example.com"    webpage_content = fetch_webpage(url)    print(webpage_content)

9. 日志分析脚本

分析日志文件中的特定模式。

import redef analyze_logs(logfile, pattern):    with open(logfile, 'r') as file:        for line in file:            if re.search(pattern, line):                print(line.strip())if __name__ == "__main__":    logfile = "/path/to/logfile.log"    pattern = r"ERROR"    analyze_logs(logfile, pattern)

10. 定时任务脚本

使用定时器定期执行任务。

import timedef scheduled_task():    while True:        # Your task here        print("Executing task...")        time.sleep(3600)  # Sleep for an hourif __name__ == "__main__":    scheduled_task()