Java的面向对象——抽象方法，抽象类及接口

1.学习目标：学习Java的面向对象的抽象方法，抽象类和接口

2.学习内容：

2.1 抽象方法

将子类的共性方法抽出，放进父类中，但子类的具体方法不同，此时将父类中的方法抽象化

2.2 抽象类

存在抽象方法的类，叫做抽象类

2.3 接口

一种规则，行为的抽象

创建接口：public interface 接口名{}

实现：public class 类名 implements 接口名{}

扩展：

允许在接口中定义默认方法，需要使用default关键字修饰（用于接口升级时，已经使用接口的类无需重写方法；在重写时删去default）

3.知识运用

3.1 编写带有抽象类的标准的JavaBean类

 代码如下

父类animal类

public abstract class animal {
    //成员方法
    private String name;
    private int age;

    //无参构造函数
    public animal() {}

    //有参构造函数
    public animal(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    //抽象方法
    public abstract void eat();

    //成员方法
    public void drink(){
        System.out.println("喝水");
    }
}

子类frog类

public class frog extends animal{
    public frog() {
    }

    public frog(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("青蛙吃虫子");
    }
}

子类dog类

public class dog extends animal{
    public dog() {
    }

    public dog(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("狗狗吃骨头");
    }
}

子类sheep类

public class sheep extends animal{
    public sheep() {
    }

    public sheep(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("绵羊吃草");
    }
}

测试类

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        frog f = new frog("青蛙王子",6);
        dog d = new dog("jerry",10);
        sheep s = new sheep("肖恩",8);
        print(f);
        f.eat();
        f.drink();
        print(d);
        d.eat();
        d.drink();
        print(s);
        s.eat();
        s.drink();
    }

    public static void print(animal a){
        if(a instanceof frog){
            frog f = (frog) a;
            System.out.println(f.getName() + " " + f.getAge() + "岁");
        }
        else if(a instanceof dog){
            dog d = (dog) a;
            System.out.println(d.getName() + " " + d.getAge() + "岁");
        }
        else if(a instanceof sheep){
            sheep s = (sheep) a;
            System.out.println(s.getName() + " " + s.getAge() + "岁");
        }
    }
}

3.2 编写带有接口和抽象类的标准的JavaBean类

 代码如下

 父类animal

public abstract class animal {
    //成员方法
    private String name;
    private int age;

    //空参构造方法
    public animal() {}

    //有参构造方法
    public animal(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    //抽象方法
    public abstract void eat();

    //成员方法
    public void drink(){
        System.out.println("喝水");
    }
}

接口swim

public interface swim {
    public abstract void swim();
}

子类frog

public class frog extends animal implements swim{
    public frog() {
    }

    public frog(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("青蛙吃虫子");
    }

    @Override
    public void swim() {
        System.out.println("蛙泳");
    }
}

子类dog

public class dog extends animal implements swim{
    public dog() {
    }

    public dog(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("狗狗吃骨头");
    }

    @Override
    public void swim() {
        System.out.println("狗刨");
    }
}

子类rabbit

public class rabbit extends animal{
    public rabbit() {
    }

    public rabbit(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("兔子吃胡萝卜");
    }
}

测试类

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        interface_practice.animal f = new frog("青蛙王子",6);
        interface_practice.animal d = new dog("jerry",10);
        interface_practice.animal r = new rabbit("流氓兔",8);
        print(f);
        f.eat();
        f.drink();
        ((frog) f).swim();
        print(d);
        d.eat();
        d.drink();
        ((dog) d).swim();
        print(r);
        r.eat();
        r.drink();
    }
    public static void print(animal a){
        if(a instanceof frog){
            frog f = (frog) a;
            System.out.println(f.getName() + " " + f.getAge() + "岁");
        }
        else if(a instanceof dog){
            dog d = (dog) a;
            System.out.println(d.getName() + " " + d.getAge() + "岁");
        }
        else if(a instanceof rabbit){
            rabbit r = (rabbit) a;
            System.out.println(r.getName() + " " + r.getAge() + "岁");
        }
    }
}