基于单片机的水箱单片机控制系统（设计报告+电路原理图+程序）

摘要：本论文设计并实现了一种基于单片机的水箱单片机控制系统。该系统通过读取水位传感器的反馈信号，实现对水箱水位的自动控制，从而实现水位的稳定和自动补水功能。本设计选用了常见的STM32单片机作为控制核心，采用阈值控制算法实现水位控制。通过编写相应的程序，实现了水泵的启动、停止、补水等控制功能，并通过水位传感器实时更新水位信息，自动调整水泵的工作状态。实验结果表明，该系统可以实现良好的水位控制效果，并具有较高的可靠性和稳定性。

关键词：单片机；水箱控制；水位传感器；阈值控制算法；自动补水

1. 引言
水是人类生活中必不可少的资源，因此水箱的水位控制显得非常重要。传统的水箱控制方式往往需要人工干预，操作复杂且不够智能化。为了解决这一问题，本论文设计了一种基于单片机的水箱单片机控制系统，实现对水箱水位的自动控制，并具备自动补水功能。

2. 系统设计
本设计选用了STM32单片机作为控制核心，具有高性能和丰富的外设接口，能够实现对水泵的灵活控制。系统采用水位传感器作为反馈装置，通过读取传感器的信号来实时更新水位信息。为了实现水位的稳定控制，本设计采用了阈值控制算法，通过设置合适的上下限阈值，实现水泵的自动启停控制。

3. 硬件设计
系统的硬件设计主要包括水泵驱动电路、水位传感器电路和单片机主板电路。水泵驱动电路采用了电磁继电器电路来驱动水泵，能够提供足够的电压和电流来工作。水位传感器电路采用了浮球传感器或电容传感器，能够实时检测水位信息。单片机主板电路则主要负责对系统的控制和信号处理。

4. 软件设计
系统的软件设计主要包括编写单片机的控制程序和实现阈值控制算法。单片机的控制程序主要负责读取水位传感器的信号和控制水泵的启停。阈值控制算法的实现主要通过设置上下限水位阈值，当水位超过上限时停止水泵运行，当水位低于下限时启动水泵补水。

5. 实验结果与分析
本设计通过实验验证了系统的性能和可行性。实验结果表明，该系统能够实现良好的水位控制效果，能够稳定地控制水位在设定的范围内，并且具有较高的可靠性和稳定性。

6. 结论
本论文设计并实现了一种基于单片机的水箱单片机控制系统。该系统能够实现对水箱水位的自动控制，具备自动补水功能。通过实验验证，系统具有较高的可靠性和稳定性，并能够满足实际应用需求。未来可以进一步扩展系统的功能，如增加远程监控和报警功能。

参考文献：
[1] 王斌. 基于单片机的水位控制系统设计与应用[J]. 现代电子技术, 2020, 43(8): 32-34.
[2] 张明. 基于单片机的智能水位报警控制系统设计与实现[D]. 长沙: 中南大学, 2017.

Abstract: This thesis designs and implements a microcontroller-based water tank control system based on microcontroller. The system achieves automatic control of the water level in the water tank by reading the feedback signal of the water level sensor, thereby achieving stable water level and automatic water replenishment functions. This design uses the common STM32 microcontroller as the control core, and uses the threshold control algorithm to achieve water level control. By writing corresponding programs, functions such as pump start, stop, and water replenishment control are realized, and the water level information is updated in real time through the water level sensor to automatically adjust the working state of the pump. The experimental results show that the system can achieve good water level control effect and has high reliability and stability.

Keywords: microcontroller; water tank control; water level sensor; threshold control algorithm; automatic water replenishment

1. Introduction
Water is an essential resource in human life, so the control of water level in water tanks is very important. The traditional water tank control method often requires manual intervention, with complex operation and insufficient intelligence. In order to solve this problem, this thesis designs a microcontroller-based water tank control system, which achieves automatic control of the water level in the water tank and has the function of automatic water replenishment.

2. System design
This design uses the STM32 microcontroller as the control core, which has high performance and rich peripheral interfaces, and can achieve flexible control of the pump. The system uses a water level sensor as a feedback device to update the water level information in real time by reading the sensor signal. In order to achieve stable water level control, this design adopts the threshold control algorithm, setting appropriate upper and lower threshold values to automatically start and stop the pump control.

3. Hardware design
The hardware design of the system mainly includes pump drive circuit, water level sensor circuit, and microcontroller mainboard circuit. The pump drive circuit uses an electromagnetic relay circuit to drive the pump, which can provide sufficient voltage and current to work. The water level sensor circuit uses a float ball sensor or a capacitive sensor to detect the water level information in real time. The microcontroller mainboard circuit is mainly responsible for system control and signal processing.

4. Software design
The software design of the system mainly includes writing control programs for the microcontroller and implementing the threshold control algorithm. The control program of the microcontroller is mainly responsible for reading the signal of the water level sensor and controlling the start and stop of the pump. The implementation of the threshold control algorithm mainly sets upper and lower water level thresholds. When the water level exceeds the upper limit, the pump stops running, and when the water level is below the lower limit, the pump starts to replenish water.

5. Experimental results and analysis
The performance and feasibility of the system are verified through experiments. The experimental results show that the system can achieve good water level control, stably control the water level within the set range, and has high reliability and stability.

6. Conclusion
This thesis designs and implements a microcontroller-based water tank control system. The system can achieve automatic control of the water level in the water tank and has the function of automatic water replenishment. Through experimental verification, the system has high reliability and stability, and can meet the requirements of practical applications. In the future, the functionality of the system can be further expanded, such as adding remote monitoring and alarm functions.

References:
[1] Wang Bin. Design and application of water level control system based on microcontroller. Modern Electronics Technology, 2020, 43(8): 32-34.
[2] Zhang Ming. Design and implementation of intelligent water level alarm control system based on microcontroller. Changsha: Central South University, 2017.

参考资料

基于单片机的水箱单片机控制系统（设计报告+电路原理图+程序）

https://download.csdn.net/download/woaimx_1314/87930221