C语言——三子棋

一、三子棋的简介

        三子棋，也称作井字棋或圈圈叉叉（Tic-tac-toe），是一种简单而经典的棋类游戏。这个游戏通常在一个3x3的方格棋盘上进行。两名玩家轮流在空格中放置自己的标记，一个玩家使用圈圈（"O"），另一个使用叉叉（"X"），目标是先在一条横线、竖线或对角线上连成三个自己的标记。

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二、代码思路

1.创建菜单menu()：选择play或exit游戏

2.初始化棋盘:创建3*3(ROW*COL)的棋盘

3.打印棋盘

4.玩家下棋

5.电脑下棋

6.判断输赢（分四种情况：玩家赢、电脑赢、平局、还未下完）

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三、函数实现

1.菜单的建立menu()

void menu()
{
	printf("***************************\n");
	printf("********* 1. PLAY *********\n");
	printf("********* 0. EXIT *********\n");
	printf("***************************\n");
}

输出结果：

2.函数——初始化棋盘

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		}
	}
}

建立一个ROW=3, COL=3的数组，并赋予其‘空格’

3.函数——打印棋盘

因为空格较难看出将棋下在何处，因此为棋盘添加边框

void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);

			if (j < col - 1)
				printf("|");
		}
		printf("\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
					printf("|");
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

效果如下：

4.函数——玩家下棋

void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x, y;
	printf("玩家下棋\n");

	while (1)
	{
		printf("请选择->");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
		{
			if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
			{
				board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'o';
				break;
			}
			else
				printf("该坐标已被占用！请重新输入->\n");
		}
		else
			printf("非法输入！请重新输入->\n");
	}
	//输入坐标后打印棋盘
	//DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}

玩家下棋需考虑以下情况：

1 必须下在3*3的棋盘内

2 必须下在‘空格’格子中

3 数组是从0开始，玩家输入坐标从1开始

5.函数——电脑下棋

void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x = 0;//0~row-1
	int y = 0;//0~col-1

	printf("电脑下棋\n");

	while (1)
	{
		x = rand() % row;
		y = rand() % col;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ')
		{
			board[x][y] = 'x';
			break;
		}
	}
	//输入坐标后打印棋盘
	//DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}

需要包含头文件#include<stdlib.h>

6.函数——判断输赢

分4中情况考虑

//玩家赢

//电脑赢

//平局（使用IsFull函数判断棋盘是否下满）

//未分出胜负，继续下

//判断棋盘是否下满
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if (board[i][j] == ' ')
				return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

如何算赢的定义

1.行3个相同符号

2.列相同符号

3.对角线相同符号

//判断输赢
//输x
//赢o
//平局Q
//继续C
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	//行相等
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
			return board[i][0];
	}
	//列相等
	for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
	{
		if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
			return board[0][i];
	}
	//'\'相等
	if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[1][1];
	}
	//'/'相等
	if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[1][1];
	}
	//判断是否平局
	if (IsFull(board, row, col) == 1)
	{
		return 'Q';
	}
	//游戏继续
	return 'C';
}

---

四、代码实现

game.h

#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>

#define ROW 3
#define COL 3

//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断棋盘是否下满
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断输赢
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

game.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"

//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		}
	}
}

//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);

			if (j < col - 1)
				printf("|");
		}
		printf("\n");
		if (i < row - 1)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				printf("---");
				if (j < col - 1)
					printf("|");
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x, y;
	printf("玩家下棋\n");

	while (1)
	{
		printf("请选择->");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
		{
			if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
			{
				board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'o';
				break;
			}
			else
				printf("该坐标已被占用！请重新输入->\n");
		}
		else
			printf("非法输入！请重新输入->\n");
	}
	//输入坐标后打印棋盘
	//DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}

//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int x = 0;//0~row-1
	int y = 0;//0~col-1

	printf("电脑下棋\n");

	while (1)
	{
		x = rand() % row;
		y = rand() % col;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ')
		{
			board[x][y] = 'x';
			break;
		}
	}
	//输入坐标后打印棋盘
	//DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}

//判断棋盘是否下满
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			if (board[i][j] == ' ')
				return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

//判断输赢
//输x
//赢o
//平局Q
//继续C
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
	int i = 0;
	//行相等
	for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
			return board[i][0];
	}
	//列相等
	for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
	{
		if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
			return board[0][i];
	}
	//'\'相等
	if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[1][1];
	}
	//'/'相等
	if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
	{
		return board[1][1];
	}
	//判断是否平局
	if (IsFull(board, row, col) == 1)
	{
		return 'Q';
	}
	//游戏继续
	return 'C';
}

test.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"

void menu()
{
	printf("***************************\n");
	printf("********* 1. PLAY *********\n");
	printf("********* 0. EXIT *********\n");
	printf("***************************\n");
}

void game()
{
	char ret = 0;
	char board[ROW][COL];
	//初始化棋盘
	InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	//打印棋盘
	DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);

	while (1)
	{
		//玩家下棋
		PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		//判断输赢
		ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
		if (ret != 'C')
		{
			break;
		}
		//电脑下棋
		ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
		DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
		//判断输赢
		ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
		if (ret != 'C')
		{
			break;
		}
	}
	
	if (ret == 'o')
	{
		printf("玩家赢\n");
	}
	else if (ret == 'x')
	{
		printf("电脑赢\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("平局\n");
	}
}

int main()
{
	int input;
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	menu();

	do
	{
		printf("请选择：");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
			case 1:
				printf("游戏开始\n");
				game();
				break;
			case 0:
				printf("退出游戏\n");
				break;
			default:
				printf("选择错误，请重新选择\n");
				break;
		}
	} while (input);

	return 0;
}