正好迎来暑假，在家中没啥事情可做，想着把C++的内容捞一捞，所以就自己先来没事搞一个学生管理系统，因为时间有限，所以并没有去实现界面，就是单纯的控制台应用，主要是为了锻炼逻辑和在重新熟悉以下C++的语法之类的，同时进行一些简单的类的设计，有多时间的看官可以看看图一乐。以下时运行时的一些效果。
因为代码量少(几百行而已)所以就没有进行头文件的拆分，主要就是练练手，下面附上代码
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
# define FILE_NAME "StuMsg.txt"
// 学生管理系统
// 需求分析:
// 字段: 姓名, 年龄, 班级, 学号
/*
功能实现:
1.添加学生
2.查看指定姓名, 学号的学生
3.删除学生
4.删除全部
5.修改学生信息
6.查看所有学生信息
7.退出系统
*/
//学生类
class Student {
private:
string* m_name;
int m_age;
string* m_classID;
string* m_StuID;
string* m_gender;
public:
//提供构造函数
Student(string name, string classID, string stuID, int age, string gender) {
string* stuName = new string(name);
string* stuClassID = new string(classID);
string* stuId = new string(stuID);
string* stuGender = new string(gender);
this->m_name = stuName;
this->m_classID = stuClassID;
this->m_StuID = stuId;
this->m_gender = stuGender;
this->m_age = age;
}
// 析构函数
~Student() {
if (this->m_name != nullptr) {
delete this->m_name;
}
if (this->m_classID != nullptr) {
delete this->m_classID;
}
if (this->m_gender != nullptr) {
delete this->m_gender;
}
if (this->m_StuID != nullptr) {
delete this->m_StuID;
}
}
public:
void setName(string name) {
string* stuName = new string(name);
this->m_name = stuName;
}
void setClassID(string classID) {
string* stuClassID = new string(classID);
this->m_classID = stuClassID;
}
void setAge(int age) {
this->m_age = age;
}
void setStuID(string stuID) {
string* StuId = new string(stuID);
this->m_StuID = StuId;
}
void setStuGender(string gender) {
string* stuGender = new string(gender);
this->m_gender = stuGender;
}
public:
string getName() {
return *(this->m_name);
}
int getAge() {
return this->m_age;
}
string getStuID() {
return *(this->m_StuID);
}
string getClassID() {
return *(this->m_classID);
}
string getGender() {
return *(this->m_gender);
}
};
void printMsg(ofstream& ofs, Student* stu) {
ofs << "姓名:" << stu->getName() << " "
<< "年龄:" << stu->getAge() << " "
<< "性别:" << stu->getGender() << " "
<< "班级:" << stu->getClassID() << " "
<< "学号:" << stu->getStuID() << " " << endl;
}
void printMsg(Student* stu) {
cout << "姓名:" << stu->getName() << " "
<< "年龄:" << stu->getAge() << " "
<< "性别:" << stu->getGender() << " "
<< "班级:" << stu->getClassID() << " "
<< "学号:" << stu->getStuID() << " " << endl;
}
//功能管理类
//提供静态方法，给外界调用
class FuncManager {
private:
int static record_num; // 记录条数
static vector<Student*> stu_vec; // 用来存放学生
public:
// 初始化容器
void static init() {
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(FILE_NAME, ios::in);
string name, gender, classID, stuID, age;
if (ifs.is_open()) {
while (ifs >> name && ifs >> age && ifs >> gender
&& ifs >> classID && ifs >> stuID) {
int pos1 = name.find(":");
int pos2 = age.find(":");
int pos3 = gender.find(":");
int pos4 = classID.find(":");
int pos5 = stuID.find(":");
string stuName, stuAge, stuGender,
stuClassID, stuId;
stuName = name.substr(pos1 + 1, name.length());
stuAge = age.substr(pos2 + 1, age.length());
stuGender = gender.substr(pos3 + 1, gender.length());
stuClassID = classID.substr(pos4 + 1, classID.length());
stuId = stuID.substr(pos5 + 1, stuID.length());
Student* stu = new Student(stuName, stuClassID, stuId, atoi(stuAge.c_str()), stuGender);
stu_vec.push_back(stu);
}
record_num = stu_vec.size();
}
else {
cout << "文件打开失败!";
}
}
// 菜单
void static menu() {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "------------------欢迎使用学生管理系统------------------" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| ******************** |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| * 1.添加学生 * |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| * 2.查找学生 * |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| * 3.删除学生 * |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| * 4.删除全部 * |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| * 5.修改信息 * |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| * 6.查看学生 * |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| * 7.退出系统 * |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "| ******************** |" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "--------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入您的选择:";
}
// 添加新学生
void static addNewStu() {
string name;
string age;
string stuID;
string classID;
string gender;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入学生的姓名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入学生的年龄:" << endl;
cin >> age;
while (true) {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入学生的学号:" << endl;
cin >> stuID;
if (checkOnlyClassID(stuID)) {
break;
}
else {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "输入有误，请重新输入!" << endl;
}
}
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入学生的班级:" << endl;
cin >> classID;
while (true) {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入学生的性别:" << endl;
cin >> gender;
if (checkGender(gender)) {
break;
}
else {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "输入有误，请重新输入!" << endl;
}
}
int stuAge = checkRange(age);
Student* stu = new Student(name, classID, stuID, stuAge, gender);
save(stu); // 保存记录到磁盘
stu_vec.push_back(stu);
//更新学生数量
record_num = stu_vec.size();
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "添加成功!" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "当前有" << record_num << "条记录" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//查找学生
void static findStu() {
string msg;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入学生信息:" << endl;
cin >> msg;
vector<Student*> vec;
//可以通过学号或者姓名查找
for (auto stu_ptr : stu_vec) {
if (stu_ptr->getStuID() == msg || stu_ptr->getName() == msg) {
vec.push_back(stu_ptr);
}
}
if (vec.size() == 0) {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "查无此人!" << endl;
}
else {
int record_num = vec.size();
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "查询到以下" << record_num << "条记录" << endl;
int current_record = 1;
for (auto stu_ptr : vec) {
cout << current_record << "、";
printMsg(stu_ptr);
current_record++;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//删除学生
void static deleteStu() {
if (record_num == 0) {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "当前记录为空" << endl;
return;
}
// 根据学号来删除学生
string stuID;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入要删除学生的学号:" << endl;
cin >> stuID;
for (vector<Student*>::const_iterator con_it = stu_vec.begin(); con_it != stu_vec.end(); con_it++) {
Student* stu_ptr = *con_it;
if (stu_ptr->getStuID() == stuID) {
con_it = stu_vec.erase(con_it);
}
}
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open(FILE_NAME, ios::out | ios::trunc);
// 重新写入文件
for (auto stu_ptr : stu_vec) {
printMsg(ofs, stu_ptr);
}
// 更新记录条数
record_num = stu_vec.size();
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "操作成功!" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
// 删除全部学生
void static deleteAllStu() {
string selected;
while (true) {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "确定要删除全部学生信息吗?" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "1.确定" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "2.取消" << endl;
cin >> selected;
int select_num = atoi(selected.c_str());
if (select_num == 1) {
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open(FILE_NAME, ios::trunc);
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "操作成功!" << endl;
stu_vec.clear();
record_num = 0;
break;
}
if (select_num == 2) {
break;
}
else {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "选择有误, 请重新选择!" << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
// 修改学生信息
void static modifyStu() {
bool isFind = false; // 判断是否找到
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入学生的学号:" << endl;
string stuID;
cin >> stuID;
for (auto stu_ptr : stu_vec) {
if (stu_ptr->getStuID() == stuID) {
isFind = true;
while (true) {
string msg;
string selected;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请选择要修改的信息:" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "1.姓名" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "2.性别" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "3.年龄" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "4.学号" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "5.班级" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "0.结束操作" << endl;
cin >> selected;
int select_num = atoi(selected.c_str());
switch (select_num) {
case 1:
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入新信息" << endl;
cin >> msg;
stu_ptr->setName(msg);
break;
case 2:
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入新信息" << endl;
cin >> msg;
stu_ptr->setStuGender(msg);
break;
case 3:
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入新信息" << endl;
cin >> msg;
stu_ptr->setAge(atoi(msg.c_str()));
break;
case 4:
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入新信息" << endl;
cin >> msg;
stu_ptr->setStuID(msg);
break;
case 5:
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "请输入新信息" << endl;
cin >> msg;
stu_ptr->setClassID(msg);
break;
case 0:
goto A;
break;
}
}
}
}
if (!isFind) {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "查无此人!" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
return;
}
A:
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open(FILE_NAME, ios::out | ios::trunc);
for (auto stu_ptr : stu_vec) {
printMsg(ofs, stu_ptr);
}
cout << "操作成功!" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
// 查看所有学生记录
void static showAllStu() {
int index = 1;
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "当前共有" << record_num << "条记录" << endl;
if (record_num == 0) {
system("pause");
system("cls");
return;
}
for (auto stu_ptr : stu_vec) {
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << index << ":";
printMsg(stu_ptr);
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
// 析构函数
~FuncManager() {
for (auto stu_ptr : stu_vec) {
if (stu_ptr != nullptr)
cout << "Func" << endl;
delete stu_ptr;
}
}
private:
// 保存记录到文件
void static save(Student* stu) {
//保存记录到磁盘
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open(FILE_NAME, ios::app | ios::out);
printMsg(ofs, stu);
ofs.close();
}
int static checkRange(string age) {
int stuAge = atoi(age.c_str());
return (stuAge > 0 && stuAge < 120) ? stuAge : 0;
}
bool static checkGender(string gender) {
if (gender == "男" || gender == "女") {
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 需要保证ClassID唯一
bool static checkOnlyClassID(string classID) {
for (auto stu_ptr : stu_vec) {
if (stu_ptr->getClassID() == classID) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
};
// 声明静态成员
int FuncManager::record_num;
vector<Student*> FuncManager::stu_vec;
int main() {
string selected;
//初始化
FuncManager::init();
while (true) {
FuncManager::menu();
cin >> selected;
int selected_num = atoi(selected.c_str());
/*cout << selected_num;*/
switch (selected_num) {
case 1:
// 添加学生
FuncManager::addNewStu();
break;
case 2:
// 查找学生"
FuncManager::findStu();
break;
case 3:
// 删除学生
FuncManager::deleteStu();
break;
case 4:
// 删除全部学生
FuncManager::deleteAllStu();
break;
case 5:
// 修改学生信息
FuncManager::modifyStu();
break;
case 6:
// 展示所有学生信息
FuncManager::showAllStu();
break;
case 7:
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "欢迎您的下次使用 !" << endl;
system("pause");
exit(0);
break;
default:
cout << "\t\t\t\t" << "选择有误, 请从新选择!" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}因为技术有限，所以并没有涉及到数据库操作，不过用到了文件操作，还是值得一看的，还有一点就是我将学生类中的成员变量都利用了指针代替，第一个目的主要是为了再次熟悉以下指针相关的操作，然后就是在对象进行赋值的时候可以提升效率，这也是一种类设计的思想。
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