QT外接设备（串口与U盘）等设备热插拔实时检测

引言：在日常串口开发中，串口热插拔的实时检测可以大大提高我们的使用体验，不至于在要添加串口时重启一遍软件，这样显得很不专业。

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调用注册事件的类需要继承 QAbstractNativeEventFilter ，这是一个纯虚函数类

重写函数：

virtual bool nativeEventFilter(const QByteArray &eventType, void *message, long *result) = 0：

第一步（注册监测设备）

• 注册事件要小心的点在于注册事件不能写在函数外，所以需要写一个初始化注册函数 registerDevice()调用，在UI初始化时调用即可

接下来就直接上代码：

void MainWindow::registerDevice(){
    
    static const GUID GUID_DEVINTERFACE_LIST[] =
        {
        // GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE
        { 0xA5DCBF10, 0x6530, 0x11D2, { 0x90, 0x1F, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x4F, 0xB9, 0x51, 0xED } },     //USB设备的GUID
        // GUID_DEVINTERFACE_DISK
        { 0x53f56307, 0xb6bf, 0x11d0, { 0x94, 0xf2, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x1e, 0xfb, 0x8b } },
        // GUID_DEVINTERFACE_HID,
        { 0x4D1E55B2, 0xF16F, 0x11CF, { 0x88, 0xCB, 0x00, 0x11, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30 } },
        // GUID_NDIS_LAN_CLASS
        { 0xad498944, 0x762f, 0x11d0, { 0x8d, 0xcb, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x4f, 0xc3, 0x35, 0x8c } },
        // GUID_DEVINTERFACE_COMPORT
        { 0x86e0d1e0, 0x8089, 0x11d0, { 0x9c, 0xe4, 0x08, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x73 } },
        // GUID_DEVINTERFACE_SERENUM_BUS_ENUMERATOR
        { 0x4D36E978, 0xE325, 0x11CE, { 0xBF, 0xC1, 0x08, 0x00, 0x2B, 0xE1, 0x03, 0x18 } },
        // GUID_DEVINTERFACE_PARALLEL
        { 0x97F76EF0, 0xF883, 0x11D0, { 0xAF, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x84, 0x5C } },
        // GUID_DEVINTERFACE_PARCLASS
        { 0x811FC6A5, 0xF728, 0x11D0, { 0xA5, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x75, 0x3E, 0xD1 } },
        };
    
        //注册插拔事件
        HDEVNOTIFY hDevNotify;
        DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE NotifacationFiler;
        ZeroMemory(&NotifacationFiler, sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE));
        NotifacationFiler.dbcc_size = sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE);
        NotifacationFiler.dbcc_devicetype = DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE;
               
        
        for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(GUID_DEVINTERFACE_LIST)/sizeof(GUID); i++)  {
                NotifacationFiler.dbcc_classguid = GUID_DEVINTERFACE_LIST[i];
                hDevNotify = RegisterDeviceNotification((HANDLE)this->winId(), &NotifacationFiler, DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE);
                if (!hDevNotify) {
                    qCritical() << QStringLiteral("注册失败！");
                }else{
                    qDebug()<<"注册成功";
                }
            }
    
}  

第二步（重写消息过滤函数）

bool Moveing_target::nativeEventFilter(const QByteArray &eventType, void *message, long *result)
{
    Q_UNUSED(eventType);
    MSG* msg = reinterpret_cast<MSG*>(message);
    int msgType = msg->message;
    if(msgType == WM_DEVICECHANGE)
    {
        qDebug() << "Recv Event " ;
        PDEV_BROADCAST_HDR lpdb = (PDEV_BROADCAST_HDR)msg->lParam;
        switch(msg->wParam)
        {
            case DBT_DEVICETYPESPECIFIC:
            {
            qDebug() << "DBT_DEVICETYPESPECIFIC " ;
            break;
            }
            case DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL:
            if (lpdb -> dbch_devicetype == DBT_DEVTYP_VOLUME)
            {
                PDEV_BROADCAST_VOLUME lpdbv = (PDEV_BROADCAST_VOLUME)lpdb;
                if (lpdbv -> dbcv_flags == 0)
                {
                    // 插入U盘，此处可以做你想做的事
                    // lpdbv->dbcv_unitmask 即盘符标志位，1bit，0为A，1为B，10为C，11为D…以此类推
                    QString USBDisk = QString(this->FirstDriveFromMask(lpdbv->dbcv_unitmask));
                    qDebug() << "USB_Arrived and The USBDisk is: "<<USBDisk ;
                    emit signals_Usb_Stick_Insertion(USBDisk);

                }
            }
            qDebug() << "DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL" ;
            break;
            case DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE:
            if (lpdb -> dbch_devicetype == DBT_DEVTYP_VOLUME)
            {
                PDEV_BROADCAST_VOLUME lpdbv = (PDEV_BROADCAST_VOLUME)lpdb;
                if (lpdbv -> dbcv_flags == 0)
                {
                    qDebug() << "USB_delete";
                }
            }
            qDebug() << "DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE" ;
            break;
        }
    }
    return false;
   }

   char Moveing_target::FirstDriveFromMask(ULONG unitmask)
   {
    char i;

    for (i = 0; i < 26; ++i)
    {
    if (unitmask & 0x1)
    break;
    unitmask = unitmask >> 1;
    }
    return (i + 'A');
}

然后在把继承的类插入QApplication对象里安装此过滤器即可

a.installNativeEventFilter(&t);