解决SHAP报错：URLError: ＜urlopen error [Errno 11004] getaddrinfo failed＞

SHAP（SHapley Additive exPlanations）是一个流行的Python库，用于解释机器学习模型的预测。当你遇到`URLError: ＜urlopen error [Errno 11004] getaddrinfo failed＞`这样的错误时，通常意味着Python在尝试访问某个URL时遇到了网络连接问题。`getaddrinfo`是一个系统调用，用于解析主机名为IP地址，而`Errno 11004`表示获取地址信息失败。

这个问题可能由以下几个原因引起：

1. 网络连接问题：你的计算机可能没有连接到互联网，或者网络连接不稳定。确保你的设备已连接到互联网，并且网络连接是稳定的。

2. 代理设置问题：如果你在使用代理服务器，确保你的代理设置是正确的。你可能需要配置环境变量或在代码中设置代理，以便Python能够通过代理服务器访问外部资源。

3. DNS解析问题：DNS服务器可能无法解析你尝试访问的URL的主机名。尝试更换DNS服务器或检查你的DNS设置。

4. URL错误：确保你尝试访问的URL是正确的。有时候，URL中可能包含打字错误或其他错误。

为了解决这个问题，你可以尝试以下步骤：

- 确认你的设备已连接到互联网，并且网络连接正常。
- 如果你在使用代理，检查代理设置是否正确。
- 尝试ping或访问其他网站，看看是否是特定URL的问题。
- 检查你的系统日期和时间设置，错误的设置可能会影响DNS解析。

**如果问题仍然无法解决，使用如下暴力方法进行解决**

1. 首先打开定位到发生问题的代码

X, y = shap.datasets.adult()

2. 按ctrl+B，打开adult（）函数的源码

def adult(display=False, n_points=None):
    """ Return the Adult census data in a nice package. """
    dtypes = [
        ("Age", "float32"), ("Workclass", "category"), ("fnlwgt", "float32"),
        ("Education", "category"), ("Education-Num", "float32"), ("Marital Status", "category"),
        ("Occupation", "category"), ("Relationship", "category"), ("Race", "category"),
        ("Sex", "category"), ("Capital Gain", "float32"), ("Capital Loss", "float32"),
        ("Hours per week", "float32"), ("Country", "category"), ("Target", "category")
    ]
    raw_data = pd.read_csv(
        cache(github_data_url + "adult.data"),
        names=[d[0] for d in dtypes],
        na_values="?",
        dtype=dict(dtypes)
    )

    if n_points is not None:
        raw_data = shap.utils.sample(raw_data, n_points, random_state=0)

    data = raw_data.drop(["Education"], axis=1)  # redundant with Education-Num
    filt_dtypes = list(filter(lambda x: x[0] not in ["Target", "Education"], dtypes))
    data["Target"] = data["Target"] == " >50K"
    rcode = {
        "Not-in-family": 0,
        "Unmarried": 1,
        "Other-relative": 2,
        "Own-child": 3,
        "Husband": 4,
        "Wife": 5
    }
    for k, dtype in filt_dtypes:
        if dtype == "category":
            if k == "Relationship":
                data[k] = np.array([rcode[v.strip()] for v in data[k]])
            else:
                data[k] = data[k].cat.codes

    if display:
        return raw_data.drop(["Education", "Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values
    return data.drop(["Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values

3. 将该函数复制到代码编辑器中，并且在这段代码中删除cache函数，并更改`github_data_url`的路径为`'./data/adult/'`，数据集下载路径见文末

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

github_data_url = './data/adult/'
def adult(display=False, n_points=None):
    """ Return the Adult census data in a nice package. """
    dtypes = [
        ("Age", "float32"), ("Workclass", "category"), ("fnlwgt", "float32"),
        ("Education", "category"), ("Education-Num", "float32"), ("Marital Status", "category"),
        ("Occupation", "category"), ("Relationship", "category"), ("Race", "category"),
        ("Sex", "category"), ("Capital Gain", "float32"), ("Capital Loss", "float32"),
        ("Hours per week", "float32"), ("Country", "category"), ("Target", "category")
    ]
    raw_data = pd.read_csv(
        github_data_url + "adult.data",
        names=[d[0] for d in dtypes],
        na_values="?",
        dtype=dict(dtypes)
    )

    if n_points is not None:
        raw_data = shap.utils.sample(raw_data, n_points, random_state=0)

    data = raw_data.drop(["Education"], axis=1)  # redundant with Education-Num
    filt_dtypes = list(filter(lambda x: x[0] not in ["Target", "Education"], dtypes))
    data["Target"] = data["Target"] == " >50K"
    rcode = {
        "Not-in-family": 0,
        "Unmarried": 1,
        "Other-relative": 2,
        "Own-child": 3,
        "Husband": 4,
        "Wife": 5
    }
    for k, dtype in filt_dtypes:
        if dtype == "category":
            if k == "Relationship":
                data[k] = np.array([rcode[v.strip()] for v in data[k]])
            else:
                data[k] = data[k].cat.codes

    if display:
        return raw_data.drop(["Education", "Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values
    return data.drop(["Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values

4. adult.data 数据集下载链接

adult数据下载

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4MTA2MjMwMg==&mid=2455680900&idx=1&sn=cbfd24d87a4845292334557cc79deac5&chksm=fc04e975cb73606347ec34955d1ee740a26a298e741c4d048548d451b7ab44333b6c606e07e0#rd