本文详细介绍了GitLab的简介、功能（包括代码仓库管理、项目管理、CI/CD集成和代码审查）、部署步骤，以及gitlab的管理操作，如创建项目和配置。重点涵盖了安装过程中的常见问题及其解决方案。
gitlab 简介与功能说明
1.简介：
GitLab 是一个强大的开源版本控制工具，它提供了完整的代码管理平台，使团队能够轻松地协作开发和管理项目。无论是小型团队还是大型企业，GitLab 都可以为开发者和项目经理提供强大的工具和功能，提高团队的协作效率和项目的质量。
2.功能说明：
- 代码仓库管理：
- GitLab 提供了易于使用的界面来管理 Git 代码仓库。团队成员可以方便地创建、克隆和推送代码，以及管理分支和合并请求。
- 项目管理：
- GitLab 提供了完整的项目管理功能，包括任务追踪、需求管理和项目计划等。团队可以轻松地创建和分配任务，并跟踪任务的进度和状态。
- CI/CD 集成：
- GitLab 集成了持续集成和持续交付的功能，使开发团队能够自动化构建、测试和部署应用程序。借助 GitLab 提供的 CI/CD 工具，团队可以更快地交付高质量的代码。
- 代码审查：
- GitLab 提供了代码审查功能，团队可以轻松地进行代码审查，发现潜在的问题并改进代码质量。通过审查合并请求和提供反馈意见，团队成员可以共同改进代码。
- 社区和合作：
- GitLab 是一个充满活力的开源项目，拥有庞大的社区支持和贡献。开发者可以通过 GitLab 平台与其他人协作，共同解决问题、改进代码和分享经验。
3.gitlab部署
//永久关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@note1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@note1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@note1 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
//配置yum源
[root@note1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/8/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
安装步骤略 . . .
//建立源数据
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
//安装git
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install git
//安装依赖包
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie policycoreutils-python perl
安装步骤略 . . .
//上述安装依赖包成功则不需要进行这一步，上述出现错误可查看排错报告
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh --nodeps policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7################################# [100%]
//启动postfix服务并设置开机自启
[root@note1 ~]# systemctl enable --now postfix.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
[root@note1 ~]# ss -antl //查看25号端口是否开启
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
下载gitlab的rpm包
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@note1 ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
--2023-10-07 14:50:24-- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.15.130, 2402:f000:1:400::2
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.15.130|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1295805808 (1.2G) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm’
gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64. 100%[===========================================================>] 1.21G 20.3MB/s in 81s
2023-10-07 14:51:45 (15.2 MB/s) - ‘gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm’ saved [1295805808/1295805808]
[root@note1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@note1 ~]# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7 ################################# [100%]
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
*. *.
*** ***
***** *****
.****** *******
******** ********
,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
.,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
.,,,***,,,,
,*,.
_______ __ __ __
/ ____(_) /_/ / ____ _/ /_
/ / __/ / __/ / / __ `/ __ \
/ /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
\____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file. //此处告诉我们该服务配置文件的位置
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
Help us improve the installation experience, let us know how we did with a 1 minute survey:
https://gitlab.fra1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6kVqZANThUQ1bZb?installation=omnibus&release=16-4
//出现上述的狐狸标识则表示安装成功
//修改配置文件
[root@note1 ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
[root@note1 ~]# grep '^external_url' /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://192.168.195.133' //将此处设为gitlab的服务器ip地址亦或域名
[root@note1 ~]# grep '8080' /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
gitlab_workhorse['auth_backend'] = "http://localhost:8080" //将两处8080端口的行取消注释
puma['port'] = 8080
//重载配置文件并重启gitlab
[root@note1 ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
[root@note1 ~]# gitlab-ctl restart
ok: run: alertmanager: (pid 2767) 1s
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 2777) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-exporter: (pid 2793) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-kas: (pid 2806) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 2816) 1s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 2827) 0s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 2833) 0s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 2841) 1s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 2847) 0s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 2857) 0s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 2866) 0s
ok: run: puma: (pid 2882) 1s
ok: run: redis: (pid 2887) 0s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 2895) 0s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 2908) 0s
//查看当前的gitlab版本
[root@note1 ~]# head -1 /opt/gitlab/version-manifest.txt
gitlab-ce 16.4.1
访问gitlab的web页面
登录gitlab
方法一：
（仅适用于初次安装服务）
[root@note1 ~]# cd /etc/gitlab/
[root@note1 gitlab]# ls
gitlab.rb gitlab-secrets.json initial_root_password trusted-certs
[root@note1 gitlab]# cat initial_root_password
# WARNING: This value is valid only in the following conditions
# 1. If provided manually (either via `GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD` environment variable or via `gitlab_rails['initial_root_password']` setting in `gitlab.rb`, it was provided before database was seeded for the first time (usually, the first reconfigure run).
# 2. Password hasn't been changed manually, either via UI or via command line.
#
# If the password shown here doesn't work, you must reset the admin password following https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/security/reset_user_password.html#reset-your-root-password.
Password: 0h2AiLpPTnvB921far8MtZYmL3blSz9bMms7E3xqnVs= //此条长代码就是我们的临时密码
# NOTE: This file will be automatically deleted in the first reconfigure run after 24 hours.
登陆成功
方法二：
（没有受限范围，直接通过破解密码进行登录）
[root@note1 ~]# gitlab-rails console -e production
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ruby: ruby 3.0.6p216 (2023-03-30 revision 23a532679b) [x86_64-linux]
GitLab: 16.4.1 (e6801ed8d44) FOSS
GitLab Shell: 14.28.0
PostgreSQL: 13.11
------------------------------------------------------------[ booted in 21.58s ]
Loading production environment (Rails 7.0.6)
irb(main):001:0> user = User.where(id: 1).first //id为1的是超级管理员
=> #<User id:1 @root>
irb(main):002:0> user.password = 'redhat123' //密码必须至少8个字符
=> "redhat123"
irb(main):003:0> user.password_confirmation = 'redhat123' //再次输入密码
=> "redhat123"
irb(main):004:0> user.save! //保存修改，若无问题将返回true
=> true
irb(main):005:0> exit //退出
配置完成
4.gitlab管理
4.1gitlab的常用管理操作
1.创建项目
测试
//git全局配置
[root@note1 ~]# git config --global user.name "root"
[root@note1 ~]# git config --global user.email "123@456.com"
//将我们创建好了的仓库克隆一份
[root@note1 ~]# git clone http://192.168.195.133/root/redhat.git
Cloning into 'redhat'...
Username for 'http://192.168.195.133': root
Password for 'http://root@192.168.195.133':
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository. //此报文说我们克隆的是一个空库
[root@note1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm redhat
[root@note1 ~]# cd redhat/
[root@note1 redhat]# git switch --create main //创建一个主分支，并且进入该分支
Switched to a new branch 'main'
[root@note1 redhat]# echo "hello world" > test //向库中写入内容
[root@note1 redhat]# git add test //使用git add添加这个文件
[root@note1 redhat]# git commit -m "first commit" //提交信息
[main (root-commit) 73291f9] first commit
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 test
[root@note1 redhat]# git push --set-upstream origin main //上传文件
Username for 'http://192.168.195.133': root
Password for 'http://root@192.168.195.133': //此处为我们登录gitlab的密码redhat123
Enumerating objects: 3, done.
Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 205 bytes | 205.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To http://192.168.195.133/root/redhat.git
* [new branch] main -> main
Branch 'main' set up to track remote branch 'main' from 'origin'.
上传文件
创建组
新建用户
将用户加入到组
将用户加入到项目里面去
登出root用户后以tom用户身份进入
错误排查报告
问题一
//出现一下问题，表示我们的源中没有policycoreutils-python这个软件包
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie policycoreutils-python
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:46 ago on Sat 07 Oct 2023 02:11:07 PM CST.
Package curl-7.61.1-12.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package openssh-server-8.0p1-4.el8_1.x86_64 is already installed.
Package openssh-clients-8.0p1-4.el8_1.x86_64 is already installed.
Package cronie-1.5.2-4.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
No match for argument: policycoreutils-python
Error: Unable to find a match: policycoreutils-python
解决方法：
在https://pkgs.org/这个网站中下载这个包
上传过去后使用rpm的方式安装即可：
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh --nodeps policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7################################# [100%]
问题二
//若出现下列错误，则表示文件/usr/share/man/ru/man8/semodule_package.8.gz从安装policycoretils -python-2.5-34.el7。X86_64与包policycoretils -2.9-9.el8. X86_64中的文件冲突
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh --nodeps policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
file /usr/bin/semodule_package from install of policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/ru/man8/semodule_package.8.gz from install of policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.x86_64
//解决方法
[root@note1 yum.repos.d]# rpm -e policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.x86_64
总结：
GitLab 是一个功能强大的开源版本控制工具，提供了完整的代码管理平台和强大的协作功能。无论是个人开发者还是企业团队，都可以借助 GitLab 提高开发效率、改善代码质量和加强团队协作。
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