【Matlab】求解微分方程组{下}

求解微分方程组

$$\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{du}{dt}=3u+4v\\ \frac{dv}{dt}=-4u+3v\end{array}$$

%案例一
clear all
clc
syms u(t) v(t)
ode1 = diff(u) == 3*u + 4*v;
ode2 = diff(v) == -4*u + 3*v;
odes = [ode1; ode2]
[uSol(t), vSol(t)] = dsolve(odes)

因为没有指定条件，所以出现常数C1和C2。使用初始条件$u(0)==0和v(0)==0$求解系统。dsolve函数查找满足这些条件的常量的值。

cond1 = u(0) == 0;
cond2 = v(0) == 1;
conds = [cond1; cond2];
[uSol(t), vSol(t)] = dsolve(odes,conds)

%案例一
clear all
clc
syms u(t) v(t)
ode1 = diff(u) == 3*u + 4*v;
ode2 = diff(v) == -4*u + 3*v;
odes = [ode1; ode2]
%[uSol(t), vSol(t)] = dsolve(odes)
cond1 = u(0) == 0;
cond2 = v(0) == 1;
conds = [cond1; cond2];
[uSol(t), vSol(t)] = dsolve(odes,conds)

利用$fplot$可视化

fplot(uSol)
hold on
fplot(vSol)
grid on
legend('uSol','vSol','Location','best')

求解矩阵微分方程组

$$\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{dX}{dT}=x+2y+1\\ \frac{\ddot{y}}{dT}=-x+y+t\end{array}$$
The matrix form of thr system:
$$\left[\begin{array}{c}{x}^{\prime }\\ y^{\prime }\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& 2\\ -1& 1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}x\\ y\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}1\\ t\end{array}\right]$$
Let:
$$Y=\left[\begin{array}{c}x\\ y\end{array}\right],A=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& 2\\ -1& 1\end{array}\right],B=\left[\begin{array}{c}1\\ t\end{array}\right]$$
The system is now $Y^{\prime }=AY+B$.

使用dsolve解矩阵方程，利用simple函数简化方案。

[xSol(t), ySol(t)] = dsolve(odes);
xSol(t) = simplify(xSol(t))
ySol(t) = simplify(ySol(t))

因为没有指定条件，所以出现常数C1和C2。
现在使用初始条件u(0)= 2和v(0)=-1求解系统。当以矩阵形式指定方程时，您也必须以矩阵形式指定初始条件。dsolve 查找满足这些条件的常量的值。

C = Y(0) == [2; -1];
[xSol(t), ySol(t)] = dsolve(odes,C)

$fplot$可视化