定时器与日历时钟

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一，学习RTC

1.什么是RTC
RTC (Real Time Clock)：实时时钟
  实时时钟是一个独立的定时器。RTC模块拥有一组连续计数的计数器，在相应软件配置下，可提供时钟日历的功能。修改计数器的值可以重新设置系统当前的时间和日期。
  RTC模块和时钟配置系统(RCC_BDCR寄存器)处于后备区域，即在系统复位或从待机模式唤醒后， RTC的设置和时间维持不变。
  系统复位后，对后备寄存器和RTC的访问被禁止，这是为了防止对后备区域(BKP)的意外写操作。执行以下操作将使能对后备寄存器和RTC的访问：
（1）设置寄存器RCC_APB1ENR的PWREN和BKPEN位，使能电源和后备接口时钟
（2）设置寄存器PWR_CR的DBP位，使能对后备寄存器和RTC的访问。
**

2. RTC组成

**
APB1接口：用来和APB1总线相连。通过APB1接口可以访问RTC的相关寄存器（预分频值，计数器值，闹钟值）。
RTC核心：由一组可编程计数器组成。分两个主要模块。
第一个是RTC预分频模块，它可以编程产生最长1秒的RTC时间基TR_CLK。如果设置了秒中断允许位，可以产生秒中断。
第二个是32位的可编程计数器，可被初始化为当前时间。系统时间按TR_CLK周期累加并与存储在RTC_ALR寄存器中的可编程时间相比，当匹配时候如果设置了闹钟中断允许位，可以产生闹钟中断。
RTC内核完全独立于APB1接口，软件通过APB1接口对RTC相关寄存器访问。但是相关寄存器只在RTC APB1时钟进行重新同步的RTC时钟的上升沿被更新。所以软件必须先等待寄存器同步标志位（RTC_CRL的RSF位）被硬件置1才读。

二，基于STM32CubeMX建立工程

1,配置RCC

2.配置RTC

3.设置初始时间

4.配置USART1

5，打开keil项目写入以下代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header /
/*

---

• @file : main.c
• @brief : Main program body

---

• @attention

• © Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.

• All rights reserved.
• This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
• the “License”; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
• License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:

•                    opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  

---

/
/ USER CODE END Header /
/ Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include “main.h”
#include “rtc.h”
#include “usart.h”
#include “gpio.h”

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
RTC_DateTypeDef GetData; //获取日期结构体

RTC_TimeTypeDef GetTime; //获取时间结构体

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PD /
/ USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/ USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**

• @brief The application entry point.
• @retval int
  /
  int main(void)
  {
  / USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();

/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

/* USER CODE END Init */

/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();

/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

/* USER CODE END SysInit */

/* Initialize all configured peripherals /
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_RTC_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/ USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

/* USER CODE END 2 */

/* Infinite loop /
/ USER CODE BEGIN WHILE /
while (1)
{
/ Get the RTC current Time /
HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &GetTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
/ Get the RTC current Date */
HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &GetData, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);

  /* Display date Format : yy/mm/dd */
  printf("%02d/%02d/%02d\r\n",2000 + GetData.Year, GetData.Month, GetData.Date);
  /* Display time Format : hh:mm:ss */
  printf("%02d:%02d:%02d\r\n",GetTime.Hours, GetTime.Minutes, GetTime.Seconds);

  printf("\r\n");

  HAL_Delay(1000);

}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**

• @brief System Clock Configuration
• @retval None
  */
  void SystemClock_Config(void)
  {
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters

• in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  /
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState = RCC_LSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
  Error_Handler();
  }
  /* Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
  |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;
PeriphClkInit.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**

• @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
• @retval None
  /
  void Error_Handler(void)
  {
  / USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug /
  / User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state /
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  / USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
  }

#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**

• @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number

•     where the assert_param error has occurred.
  

• @param file: pointer to the source file name
• @param line: assert_param error line source number
• @retval None
  */
  void assert_failed(uint8_t file, uint32_t line)
  {
  / USER CODE BEGIN 6 /
  / User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
  ex: printf(“Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n”, file, line) /
  / USER CODE END 6 /
  }
  #endif / USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ © COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *END OF FILE/

6，将.c文件biuld搭建后的hex文件进行烧录

运行结果如下

三，stm32定时器控制LED闪烁和串口通信

定时器中断函数
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
static uint32_t time_cnt =0;
static uint32_t time_cnt3 =0;
if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
{
if(++time_cnt >= 400)
{
time_cnt =0;
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_2);
}
}
if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
{
if(++time_cnt3 >= 1000)
{
time_cnt3 =0;
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,hello,20,100000);
}

}

}

总结

学习RTC相关的知识，通过STM32、基于实时时钟RTC成功实现日历读取、设置和输出

参考资料

https://blog.csdn.net/YangMax1/article/details/121626316?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501