tuple基本介绍:
可以看作类似于python的一个元组,内部可以包含多个不同类型的元素;
但是由于Cpp的强声明特性,要求必须要在初始化时进行内容物类型声明;
std::tuple<T1, T2, TN> t1; //创建一个空的tuple对象(使用默认构造),它对应的元素分别是T1和T2...Tn类型,采用值初始化。
std::tuple<T1, T2, TN> t2(v1, v2, ... TN); //创建一个tuple对象,它的两个元素分别是T1和T2 ...Tn类型; 要获取元素的值需要通过tuple的成员get<Ith>(obj)进行获取(Ith是指获取在tuple中的第几个元素,请看后面具体实例)。
std::tuple<T1&> t3(ref&); // tuple的元素类型可以是一个引用
std::make_tuple(v1, v2); // 像pair一样也可以通过make_tuple进行创建一个tuple对象
这里尤其要注意一下第三个引用声明;
引用声明则代表对于创建tuple的对应元素而言,改变tuple的值会影响原有变量;
std::string name;
std::tuple<string &, int> tpRef(name, 30);
// 对tpRef第一个元素赋值,同时name也被赋值 - 引用
std::get<0>(tpRef) = "Sven";
// name输出也是Sven
std::cout << "name: " << name << '\n';
可以看到,使用name作为tuple内元素,由于是引用不是拷贝,所以会导致初始元素的改变;
tuple基本用法:
1.tuple元素个数:
可以采用std::tuple_size<T>::value
来获得,其中T必须要显式给出tuple的类型;
例如:
// tuple_size
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <tuple> // std::tuple, std::tuple_size
int main ()
{
std::tuple<int, char, double> mytuple (10, 'a', 3.14);
std::cout << "mytuple has ";
std::cout << std::tuple_size<decltype(mytuple)>::value;
std::cout << " elements." << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出结果:
mytuple has 3 elements
2.获取元素的值:
这里是采用std::get<T>(Type t)
来进行的;
但是这里值得注意的是T一般而言是size_t的下标并且要显式给出,不能用临时变量替代;
换句话说,这里必须要给出编译时确定的值;
// tuple_size
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <tuple> // std::tuple, std::tuple_size
int main ()
{
std::tuple<int, char, double> mytuple (10, 'a', 3.14);
std::cout << "mytuple has ";
std::cout << std::tuple_size<decltype(mytuple)>::value;
std::cout << " elements." << '\n';
//获取元素
std::cout << "the elements is: ";
std::cout << std::get<0>(mytuple) << " ";
std::cout << std::get<1>(mytuple) << " ";
std::cout << std::get<2>(mytuple) << " ";
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出结果:
mytuple has 3 elements.
the elements is: 10 a 3.14
值得注意的是,由于get的特性,也就导致不能简单地通过迭代来获得内容,所以必须要给定清晰的下标;
3.获取元素的类型:
可以直接采用std::tuple<size_t i,decltype(tuple)>::type
来获取;
std::tuple<std::string, int> tp("Sven", 20);
// 得到第二个元素类型
std::tuple_element<1, decltype(tp)>::type ages; // ages就为int类型
ages = std::get<1>(tp);
std::cout << "ages: " << ages << '\n';
//输出结果:
ages: 20
4.tuple解包:
目的是获得tuple中的各个元素的值,并且用相应的值进行接收;
例如:
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
std::tuple<std::string, int, std::string, int> tp;
tp = std::make_tuple("Sven", 25, "Shanghai", 21);
// 定义接收变量
std::string name;
std::string addr;
int ages;
int areaCode;
std::tie(name, ages, addr, areaCode) = tp;
std::cout << "Output: " << '\n';
std::cout << "name: " << name <<", ";
std::cout << "addr: " << addr << ", ";
std::cout << "ages: " << ages << ", ";
std::cout << "areaCode: " << areaCode << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出结果:
Output:
name: Sven, addr: Shanghai, ages: 25, areaCode: 21
对于不想接受的值,可以采用std::ignore占位符进行;
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
std::tuple<std::string, int, std::string, int> tp;
tp = std::make_tuple("Sven", 25, "Shanghai", 21);
// 定义接收变量
std::string name;
std::string addr;
int ages;
int areaCode = 110;
std::tie(name, ages, std::ignore, std::ignore) = tp;
std::cout << "Output: " << '\n';
std::cout << "name: " << name <<", ";
std::cout << "addr: " << addr << ", ";
std::cout << "ages: " << ages << ", ";
std::cout << "areaCode: " << areaCode << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出结果:
Output:
name: Sven, addr: , ages: 25, areaCode: 110
5.使用tuple引用来改变tuple内的值:
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <functional>
int main(int argc, char **agrv) {
std::tuple<std::string, int, float> tp1("Sven Cheng", 77, 66.1);
std::string name;
int weight;
float f;
auto tp2 = std::make_tuple(std::ref(name), std::ref(weight), std::ref(f)) = tp1;
std::cout << "Before change: " << '\n';
std::cout << "name: " << name << ", ";
std::cout << "weight: " << weight << ", ";
std::cout << "f: " << f << '\n';
name = "Sven";
weight = 80;
f = 3.14;
std::cout << "After change: " << '\n';
std::cout << "element 1st: " << std::get<0>(tp2) << ", ";
std::cout << "element 2nd: " << std::get<1>(tp2) << ", ";
std::cout << "element 3rd: " << std::get<2>(tp2) << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出结果:
Before change:
name: Sven Cheng, weight: 77, f: 66.1
After change:
element 1st: Sven, element 2nd: 80, element 3rd: 3.14