目录
IO流:
流向分类:输入/输出流
传输方式分类:字节流/字符流
字节流 | 字符流 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
抽象类 | InputStream | OutputStream | Reader | Writer |
子类实现类 | FileInputStream | FileOutputStream | FileReader | FileWriter |
BufferedInputStream | BufferedOutputStream | BufferedReader | BufferedWriter | |
ObjectInputStream | ObjectOutputStream | InputStreamReader | OutputStreamWriter |
FileInputStream
构造器:
/**
* Creates a <code>FileInputStream</code> by
* opening a connection to an actual file,
* the file named by the path name <code>name</code>
* in the file system. A new <code>FileDescriptor</code>
* object is created to represent this file
* connection.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security
* manager, its <code>checkRead</code> method
* is called with the <code>name</code> argument
* as its argument.
* <p>
* If the named file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular
* file, or for some other reason cannot be opened for reading then a
* <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
*
* @param name the system-dependent file name.
* @exception FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist,
* is a directory rather than a regular file,
* or for some other reason cannot be opened for
* reading.
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
* <code>checkRead</code> method denies read access
* to the file.
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)
*/
public FileInputStream(String name) throws FileNotFoundException {
this(name != null ? new File(name) : null);
}
/**
* Creates a <code>FileInputStream</code> by
* opening a connection to an actual file,
* the file named by the <code>File</code>
* object <code>file</code> in the file system.
* A new <code>FileDescriptor</code> object
* is created to represent this file connection.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager,
* its <code>checkRead</code> method is called
* with the path represented by the <code>file</code>
* argument as its argument.
* <p>
* If the named file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular
* file, or for some other reason cannot be opened for reading then a
* <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
*
* @param file the file to be opened for reading.
* @exception FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist,
* is a directory rather than a regular file,
* or for some other reason cannot be opened for
* reading.
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
* <code>checkRead</code> method denies read access to the file.
* @see java.io.File#getPath()
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)
*/
public FileInputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
String name = (file != null ? file.getPath() : null);
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(name);
}
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
if (file.isInvalid()) {
throw new FileNotFoundException("Invalid file path");
}
fd = new FileDescriptor();
fd.attach(this);
path = name;
open(name);
}
方法:
/**
* Reads a byte of data from this input stream. This method blocks
* if no input is yet available.
*
* @return the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
* file is reached.
* @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
* 每次读取一个字节返回
*/
public int read() throws IOException {
return read0();
}
/**
* Reads up to <code>b.length</code> bytes of data from this input
* stream into an array of bytes. This method blocks until some input
* is available.
*
* @param b the buffer into which the data is read.
* @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
* <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
* the file has been reached.
* @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
* 读取字节放入b,有则返回字节,无则返回-1
*/
public int read(byte b[]) throws IOException {
return readBytes(b, 0, b.length);
}
字节流避免中文乱码:
定义一个与文件大小一样的字节数组,然后全部读取再输出。如果读取的文件过大,会导致内存溢出。
FileOutputStream
构造器:
/**
* Creates a file output stream to write to the file with the
* specified name. A new <code>FileDescriptor</code> object is
* created to represent this file connection.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkWrite</code>
* method is called with <code>name</code> as its argument.
* <p>
* If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
* not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
* reason then a <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
*
* @param name the system-dependent filename
* @exception FileNotFoundException if the file exists but is a directory
* rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
* be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
* <code>checkWrite</code> method denies write access
* to the file.
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
*/
public FileOutputStream(String name) throws FileNotFoundException {
this(name != null ? new File(name) : null, false);
}
/**
* Creates a file output stream to write to the file with the specified
* name. If the second argument is <code>true</code>, then
* bytes will be written to the end of the file rather than the beginning.
* A new <code>FileDescriptor</code> object is created to represent this
* file connection.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkWrite</code>
* method is called with <code>name</code> as its argument.
* <p>
* If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
* not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
* reason then a <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
*
* @param name the system-dependent file name
* @param append if <code>true</code>, then bytes will be written
* to the end of the file rather than the beginning
* @exception FileNotFoundException if the file exists but is a directory
* rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
* be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason.
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
* <code>checkWrite</code> method denies write access
* to the file.
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public FileOutputStream(String name, boolean append)
throws FileNotFoundException
{
this(name != null ? new File(name) : null, append);
}
/**
* Creates a file output stream to write to the file represented by
* the specified <code>File</code> object. A new
* <code>FileDescriptor</code> object is created to represent this
* file connection.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkWrite</code>
* method is called with the path represented by the <code>file</code>
* argument as its argument.
* <p>
* If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
* not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
* reason then a <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
*
* @param file the file to be opened for writing.
* @exception FileNotFoundException if the file exists but is a directory
* rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
* be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
* <code>checkWrite</code> method denies write access
* to the file.
* @see java.io.File#getPath()
* @see java.lang.SecurityException
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
*/
public FileOutputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
this(file, false);
}
/**
* Creates a file output stream to write to the file represented by
* the specified <code>File</code> object. If the second argument is
* <code>true</code>, then bytes will be written to the end of the file
* rather than the beginning. A new <code>FileDescriptor</code> object is
* created to represent this file connection.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkWrite</code>
* method is called with the path represented by the <code>file</code>
* argument as its argument.
* <p>
* If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
* not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
* reason then a <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
*
* @param file the file to be opened for writing.
* @param append if <code>true</code>, then bytes will be written
* to the end of the file rather than the beginning
* @exception FileNotFoundException if the file exists but is a directory
* rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
* be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
* <code>checkWrite</code> method denies write access
* to the file.
* @see java.io.File#getPath()
* @see java.lang.SecurityException
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
* @since 1.4
*/
public FileOutputStream(File file, boolean append)
throws FileNotFoundException
{
String name = (file != null ? file.getPath() : null);
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(name);
}
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
if (file.isInvalid()) {
throw new FileNotFoundException("Invalid file path");
}
this.fd = new FileDescriptor();
fd.attach(this);
this.append = append;
this.path = name;
open(name, append);
}
方法:
/**
* Writes the specified byte to this file output stream. Implements
* the <code>write</code> method of <code>OutputStream</code>.
*
* @param b the byte to be written.
* @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
*写一个字节
*/
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
write(b, append);
}
/**
* Writes <code>b.length</code> bytes from the specified byte array
* to this file output stream.
*
* @param b the data.
* @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
*写字节数组
*/
public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException {
writeBytes(b, 0, b.length, append);
}
/**
* Writes <code>len</code> bytes from the specified byte array
* starting at offset <code>off</code> to this file output stream.
*
* @param b the data.
* @param off the start offset in the data.
* @param len the number of bytes to write.
* @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
*写字节数组的一部分
*/
public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
writeBytes(b, off, len, append);
}
缓冲流
可以提高字节流和字符流读写数据的性能。
缓冲字节数组性能最好。
BufferedInputStream | BufferedOutputStream | BufferedReader | BufferedWriter |
BufferedInputStream
缓冲字节输入流,把低级的字节输入流包装成高级流,从而提高性能。
构造器:
/**
* Creates a <code>BufferedInputStream</code>
* and saves its argument, the input stream
* <code>in</code>, for later use. An internal
* buffer array is created and stored in <code>buf</code>.
*
* @param in the underlying input stream.
*/
public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in) {
this(in, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
}
原理:
缓冲字节输入流自带一个8KB的缓冲池,每次由操作系统提取8KB的数据放入缓冲池,我们直接从缓冲池读取数据,故性能较好。
BufferedReader
构造器:
/**
* Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized
* input buffer.
*
* @param in A Reader
*/
public BufferedReader(Reader in) {
this(in, defaultCharBufferSize);
}
原理:
同BufferedInputStream,有一个8KB的缓冲池。
多了一个按行读取数据的功能:
/**
* Reads a line of text. A line is considered to be terminated by any one
* of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), or a carriage return
* followed immediately by a linefeed.
*
* @return A String containing the contents of the line, not including
* any line-termination characters, or null if the end of the
* stream has been reached
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*
* @see java.nio.file.Files#readAllLines
*/
public String readLine() throws IOException {
return readLine(false);
}
BufferedWriter多了一个新增行的方法:
/**
* Writes a line separator. The line separator string is defined by the
* system property <tt>line.separator</tt>, and is not necessarily a single
* newline ('\n') character.
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
public void newLine() throws IOException {
write(lineSeparator);
}
字符输入转换流
InputStreamReader
作用:
解决字符流读取不同编码乱码的问题
构造器:
/**
* Creates an InputStreamReader that uses the default charset.
*
* @param in An InputStream
*/
public InputStreamReader(InputStream in) {
super(in);
try {
sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, (String)null); // ## check lock object
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// The default encoding should always be available
throw new Error(e);
}
}
/**
* Creates an InputStreamReader that uses the named charset.
*
* @param in
* An InputStream
*
* @param charsetName
* The name of a supported
* {@link java.nio.charset.Charset charset}
*
* @exception UnsupportedEncodingException
* If the named charset is not supported
*/
public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
super(in);
if (charsetName == null)
throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, charsetName);
}