【python】求解非线性方程

1.非线性方程

求方程的在给定初值1.5附近的一个实根
$$x^{980}-5.01x^{979}+7.398x^{978}-3.388x^{977}-x^3+5.01x^2-7.398x+3.388=0$$

使用scipy.optimize.fslove或scipy.optimize.root，需要给初始值

from scipy.optimize import fsolve, root
fx = lambda x: x**980-5.01*x**979+7.398*x**978\
  -3.388*x**977-x**3+5.01*x**2-7.398*x+3.388
x1 = fsolve(fx, 1.5, maxfev=4000)  #函数调用4000次
x2 = root(fx, 1.5)

scipy.optimize.fslove结果：[1.21]
scipy.optimize.root结果：

message: The solution converged.(方案收敛)
success: True
status: 1
fun: [-1.233e+69]
x: [ 1.210e+00]
nfev: 319
fjac: [[-1.000e+00]]
r: [ 2.542e+80]
qtf: [ 2.002e+72]

2.非线性方程组

2.1.唯一解

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_1^2+x_2^2=1\\ x_1=x_2\end{array}$$

使用scipy.optimize.fslove或scipy.optimize.root,需要给初始值

from scipy.optimize import fsolve, root
fx = lambda x: [x[0]**2+x[1]**2-1, x[0]-x[1]]
s1 = fsolve(fx, [1, 1])
s2 = root(fx, [1, 1])
print(s1,'\n','--------------'); print(s2)

scipy.optimize.fslove结果：[0.70710678 0.70710678]
scipy.optimize.root结果：

message: The solution converged.
success: True
status: 1
fun: [ 4.441e-16 0.000e+00]
x: [ 7.071e-01 7.071e-01]
nfev: 9
fjac: [[-8.165e-01 -5.773e-01]
[ 5.773e-01 -8.165e-01]]
r: [-1.732e+00 -5.774e-01 1.633e+00]
qtf: [-3.646e-10 2.578e-10]

2.2.最小二乘解

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{f}_1(x)=0\\ f_2(x)=0\\ ⋮\\ f_n(x)=0\end{array}$$
其中$x$位$m$位未知量，若方程数>未知量则求该式的最小二乘解，即求${\sum }_{i=1}^n{f}_i^2(x)$的最小值

使用scipy.optimize.least_squares求非线性方程组的最小二乘解

from  scipy.optimize import least_squares
least_squares(funcs,x0)

其中$funcs=[f_1(x),f_2(x),\cdots ,f_n(x){]}^T$