opencv基础--CSDN学习笔记

csdn 有个OpenCV技能树，做练习题的笔记放在那边的帖子找不到了，先在这里做个记录，opencv基础篇。

安装：

安装命令：
如果没配置国内镜像，可以加个镜像源，速度快点。

pip install opencv-python -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

检验安装：
进入python环境中，输入程序，若正常输出版本，则安装成功。

import cv2
print(cv2.__version__)

基本操作

读取与展示图像：

import cv2

if __name__ == '__main__':
    img = cv2.imread("lena.png",1)    #BGR读取 => img(ndarray)
    cv2.imshow("lena", img)           
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

保存图像：

import cv2
cv2.imwrite('new.png',img)

获取像素颜色：

BGR格式：

import numpy as np
import cv2

if __name__ == '__main__':
    img = cv2.imread('lena.png', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
    px = img[100, 100]
    print(f'blue:{px[0]}, green:{px[1]}, red:{px[2]}')

LAB格式：

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv

if __name__ == '__main__':
    img = cv.imread('lena.png', cv.COLOR_BGR2LAB)
    px = img[100, 100]
    print(f'L:{px[0]}, a:{px[0]}, b:{px[0]}')

HSV格式

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv

if __name__ == '__main__':
    img = cv.imread('lena.png', cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
    px = img[100, 100]
    print(f'Hue:{px[0]}, Saturation:{px[0]}, Value:{px[0]}')

Mat 属性

height, width, channels = img.shape

图片绿化（颜色通道操作）

题目来源 ¹

代码：

import numpy as np
import cv2
import math

def hacker(img):
    height, width, channels = img.shape
    for i in range(0, width):
        for j in range(0, height):
            b,g,r = img.item((i, j, 0)),img.item((i, j, 1)), img.item((i, j, 2))
            hack_b = int(math.pow(b/256.0, 3/2) * 256)
            hack_g = int(math.pow(g/256.0, 4/5) * 256)
            hack_r = int(math.pow(r/256.0, 3/2) * 256)
            img.itemset((i, j, 0), hack_b)
            img.itemset((i, j, 1), hack_g)
            img.itemset((i, j, 2), hack_r)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    img_origin = cv2.imread('lena.png', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
    img = cv2.imread('lena.png', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
    print(img.size)
    print(img.shape)

    hacker(img)

    print('显示图片，请按任意键退出')
    numpy_horizontal_concat = np.concatenate((img_origin, img), axis=1)
    cv2.imshow('Lena图片黑客帝国化', numpy_horizontal_concat)
    cv2.waitKey()
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

复制足球

题源来源²：

先将ball提取出来，=> img
设定x y 方向上的偏移，=> x y (px)
最后，依次填补 => img[ , ] = ball

import cv2
import numpy as np

if __name__ == '__main__':	
    img = cv2.imread('ball.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
    start = [493, 594]
    end = [112, 213]
    ball = img[start[0]:start[1], end[0]:end[1]]
    x_step = 101
    y_step = 10
    for i in range(-1, 4):
        x_offset = x_step*i
        y_offset = y_step*i
        img[start[0]-y_offset:start[1]-y_offset, end[0]+x_offset:end[1]+x_offset] = ball

    cv2.imshow("ball_continue", img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

甲壳虫乐队

题目来源³

import numpy as np
import cv2

if __name__ == '__main__':
    bug_img = cv2.imread("bug.jpg")
    bug_img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(bug_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

    bug_img_gray_by_BGR_space = cv2.cvtColor(bug_img_gray, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
    bug_img_concat = np.concatenate(
                                                                              
        (bug_img, bug_img_gray_by_BGR_space),
        axis=1
    )
                                                                              
    cv2.imwrite("bug_band.jpg", bug_img_concat)

                                                                              
    cv2.imshow('甲壳虫乐队', bug_img_concat)

    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

早起的鸟儿有虫吃

题源⁴

import numpy as np
import cv2

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture('birds.mp4')

    out = ...
    width = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
    height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
    fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
    out = cv2.VideoWriter(
        'birds_concat.mp4',
        cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v'),
        fps,
        (width*2, height)
    )

    i = 0
    while(cap.isOpened()):

        ret, bird_frame = cap.read()
        if bird_frame is None:
            break

        bird_flip_frame = cv2.flip(bird_frame, 0)
        bird_concat_frame = np.concatenate(
            (bird_frame, bird_flip_frame),
            axis=1
        )

        cv2.imshow('bird_concat_frame', bird_concat_frame)
        if i % 10 == 0:
            out.write(bird_concat_frame)
        i += 1
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
            break

    out.release()
    cap.release()

    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

甲壳虫的base64之旅

把图片编码成 Base64，再从Base64解码出来。⁵

import numpy as np
import cv2
import base64

def img_to_base64(img):
    return base64.b64encode(cv2.imencode('.jpg', img)[1]).decode()

def img_from_base64(img_base64):
    jpg_original = base64.b64decode(img_base64)
    jpg_as_np = np.frombuffer(jpg_original, dtype=np.uint8)
    img = cv2.imdecode(jpg_as_np, flags=1)
    return img
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    img = cv2.imread('bug.jpg')

    img_base64 = img_to_base64(img)
    img = img_from_base64(img_base64)

    cv2.imshow('img_decode', img)
    cv2.waitKey()
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

矩形涂鸦画板

题目来源⁶

编写一个矩形涂鸦画板，实现功能：
鼠标左键按下拖动绘制矩形，鼠标左键弹起时完成绘制
按’c’键清空画板
按’ESC’键退出

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
from random import randint


class Painter:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.mouse_is_pressed = False
        self.last_pos = (-1, -1)
        self.width = 300
        self.height = 512
        self.img = np.zeros((self.width, self.height, 3), np.uint8)
        self.window_name = 'painter'
        self.color = None

    def run(self):
        print('画板，拖动鼠标绘制矩形框，按ESC退出，按c键清空画板')
        cv.namedWindow(self.window_name)
        cv.setMouseCallback(
            self.window_name,
            lambda event, x, y, flags, param: self.on_draw(
                event, x, y, flags, param
            )
        )
        while True:
            cv.imshow(self.window_name, self.img)
            k = cv.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
            if k == ord('c'):
                self.clean()
            elif k == 27:
                break

        cv.destroyAllWindows()

    def on_draw(self, event, x, y, flags, param):
        pos = (x, y)
        if event == cv.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
            self.mouse_is_pressed = True
            self.last_pos = pos
        elif event == cv.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE:
            if self.mouse_is_pressed == True:
                self.begin_draw_rectangle(self.last_pos, pos)
        elif event == cv.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
            self.end_draw_rectangle(self.last_pos, pos)
            self.mouse_is_pressed = False

    def clean(self):
        cv.rectangle(self.img, (0, 0), (self.height, self.width), (0, 0, 0), -1)

    def begin_draw_rectangle(self, pos1, pos2):
        if self.color is None:
            self.color = (randint(0, 256), randint(0, 256), randint(0, 256))
        cv.rectangle(self.img, pos1, pos2, self.color, -1)

    def end_draw_rectangle(self, pos1, pos2):
        self.color = None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = Painter()
    p.run()

---

1. 题源：图片黑客帝国化 ↩︎

2. 梅西足球的轨迹 ↩︎

3. 甲壳虫乐队 ↩︎

4. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃 ↩︎

5. 甲壳虫图片的Base64解码 ↩︎

6. 矩形涂鸦画板 ↩︎