pandas教学--如何制作全国各地xxx系列

前言

微博刷到一张营销号瞎整的全国各地压岁钱分布图
定睛一看广东省竟然高达五十元，这当然是假的啦
我们都是五块十块，你直接给翻了数量级
吓得笔者赶紧写一个pandas简易教程

随机的数据生成

In [7]:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# 创建一个示例的DataFrame
data = {'A': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
        'B': [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# 生成随机数列
random_nums = np.random.rand(len(df))

# 将随机数列添加为新的列
df['Random'] = random_nums

# 打印结果
print(df)

   A   B    Random
0  1   6  0.679361
1  2   7  0.475995
2  3   8  0.729500
3  4   9  0.972659
4  5  10  0.523726

实际应用

In [13]:

## 读取随机生成的压岁钱数据
import pandas as pd
import geopandas as gpd

# 读取shp文件
shp = gpd.read_file('/home/mw/input/china1656/china_map/china_map/China_Province_2022.shp')
random_nums = 100*np.random.rand(len(shp))
# 将随机数列添加为新的列
shp['Random'] = random_nums
shp

Out[13]:

	省	省级码	省类型	ENG_NAME	VAR_NAME	FIRST_GID	FIRST_TYPE	year	geometry	Random
0	北京市	110000	直辖市	Beijing	Běi Jīng	110000	Municipality	2022	POLYGON ((117.38335 40.22647, 117.38557 40.224...	93.502211
1	天津市	120000	直辖市	Tianjin	Tiān Jīn	120000	Municipality	2022	POLYGON ((117.56937 40.19153, 117.56744 40.189...	79.003211
2	河北省	130000	省	Hebei	Hé Běi	130000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((118.26945 38.98097, 118.26871 ...	97.344063
3	山西省	140000	省	Shanxi	Shān Xī	140000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((114.13714 40.73445, 114.13860 40.732...	69.052652
4	内蒙古自治区	150000	自治区	Neimenggu	Nèi Měng Gǔ	150000	Autonomous Region	2022	POLYGON ((121.49813 53.32607, 121.50116 53.321...	51.146289
5	辽宁省	210000	省	Liaoning	Liáo Níng	210000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((121.03521 38.87021, 121.03528 ...	24.687464
6	吉林省	220000	省	Jilin	Jí Lín	220000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((123.90309 46.29744, 123.90283 46.294...	55.642060
7	黑龙江省	230000	省	Heilongjiang	Hēi Lóng Jiāng	230000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((123.40249 53.53506, 123.40471 53.535...	68.246176
8	上海市	310000	直辖市	Shanghai	Shàng Hǎi	310000	Municipality	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((121.87476 31.63516, 121.87542 ...	16.877693
9	浙江省	330000	省	Zhejiang	Zhè Jiāng	330000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((120.47933 27.15321, 120.48163 ...	93.926350
10	安徽省	340000	省	Anhui	ān Huī	340000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((116.42485 34.65234, 116.43225 34.642...	0.832999
11	福建省	350000	省	Fujian	Fú Jiàn	350000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((117.29228 23.59563, 117.29206 ...	95.358016
12	江西省	360000	省	Jiangxi	Jiāng Xī	360000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((116.68416 30.07160, 116.68576 30.070...	1.049879
13	山东省	370000	省	Shandong	Shān Dōng	370000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((119.92414 35.62384, 119.92294 ...	82.199015
14	河南省	410000	省	Henan	Hé Nán	410000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((111.02770 33.17911, 111.02767 ...	14.491251
15	湖北省	420000	省	Hubei	Hú Běi	420000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((113.12740 29.43223, 113.11645 ...	0.626169
16	湖南省	430000	省	Hunan	Hú Nán	430000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((109.47771 26.84005, 109.47793 ...	27.848135
17	广东省	440000	省	Guangdong	Guǎng Dōng	440000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((110.59023 20.37852, 110.59232 ...	54.834726
18	广西壮族自治区	450000	自治区	Guangxi	Guǎng Xī	450000	Autonomous Region	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((109.20674 20.91898, 109.20686 ...	18.049076
19	海南省	460000	省	Hainan	Hǎi Nán	460000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((112.04381 3.83812, 112.01370 3...	14.530838
20	重庆市	500000	直辖市	Chongqing	Chóng Qìng	500000	Municipality	2022	POLYGON ((109.57960 31.72849, 109.58644 31.725...	24.778711
21	四川省	510000	省	Sichuan	Sì Chuān	510000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((102.95840 34.27996, 102.95933 34.270...	6.216893
22	贵州省	520000	省	Guizhou	Guì Zhōu	520000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((105.09467 24.92520, 105.09458 ...	15.550355
23	云南省	530000	省	Yunnan	Yún Nán	530000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((99.11276 29.21149, 99.11737 29.20723...	67.450696
24	西藏自治区	540000	自治区	Xizang	Xī Zàng	540000	Autonomous Region	2022	POLYGON ((88.38821 36.47854, 88.38945 36.47845...	73.610347
25	陕西省	610000	省	Shaanxi	Shǎn Xī	610000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((108.13454 36.57919, 108.13418 36.580...	14.560607
26	甘肃省	620000	省	Gansu	Gān Sù	620000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((97.19051 42.76287, 97.23601 42.67222...	74.807518
27	青海省	630000	省	Qinghai	Qīng Hǎi	630000	Province	2022	POLYGON ((100.91694 38.17344, 100.91780 38.173...	80.159599
28	宁夏回族自治区	640000	自治区	Ningxia	Níng Xià Huí Zú	640000	Autonomous Region	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((106.06218 35.43728, 106.06239 ...	10.338105
29	新疆维吾尔自治区	650000	自治区	Xinjiang	Xīn Jiāng	650000	Autonomous Region	2022	POLYGON ((87.79720 49.18060, 87.81916 49.17268...	55.175422
30	台湾省	710000	省	Taiwan	Tái Wān	710000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((123.69793 25.92930, 123.69726 ...	53.143895
31	香港特别行政区	810000	特别行政区	HongKong	Hong Kong	810000	Special District	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((114.22665 22.54375, 114.22661 ...	96.667167
32	澳门特别行政区	820000	特别行政区	Aomen	ào Mén	820000	Special District	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((113.55346 22.21547, 113.55374 ...	39.390123
33	江苏省	320000	省	Jiangsu	Jiāng Sū	320000	Province	2022	MULTIPOLYGON (((121.56617 32.22928, 121.56693 ...	0.658625

修改某行某列随机值

In [29]:

shp.loc[shp['省'] == '广东省', 'Random'] = 10

geopandas版绘图

In [30]:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 画布设置
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 12))

# 绘制各省份的随机值分布图
shp.plot(column='Random', cmap='OrRd', linewidth=0.8, edgecolor='0.8', legend=True)

# 在每个地方标上数值
for idx, row in shp.iterrows():
    plt.text(row.geometry.centroid.x, row.geometry.centroid.y, round(row['Random'], 2), ha='center', fontsize=8)

# 设置标题
plt.title('中国各省份随机值分布图', fontweight='bold', fontsize=15)

# 显示图片
plt.show()

<Figure size 1440x864 with 0 Axes>

cartopy版绘图

In [31]:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature

# 创建地图投影
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 12))
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())

# 绘制各省份的边界和随机值填充色
for idx, row in shp.iterrows():
    ax.add_geometries([row['geometry']], ccrs.PlateCarree(), facecolor=plt.cm.OrRd(row['Random']/100), edgecolor='black', linewidth=0.8)

# 在每个地方标上数值
for idx, row in shp.iterrows():
    ax.text(row.geometry.centroid.x, row.geometry.centroid.y, round(row['Random'], 2), fontsize=8, ha='center', transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())

# 添加海岸线、国家边界等地图要素
ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE)

# 设置地图范围
ax.set_extent([70, 140, 15, 55])

# 设置标题
plt.title('中国各省份随机值分布图', fontweight='bold', fontsize=15)
# 显示地图
plt.show()

虽说是临时之作，但数据生成，修改数值，数据绘图都包揽了
geopandas也是pandas