Python小程序：猜数字，石头(rock)、剪刀(scissors)、布(paper)，Zigzag，Conway的生命游戏，Pig Latin

1.猜数字

# This is a guess the number game.
import random
secretNumber = random.randint(1, 20)
print('I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.')

# Ask the player to guess 6 times.
for guessesTaken in range(1, 7):
    print('Take a guess.')
    guess = int(input())
    
    if guess < secretNumber:
        print('Your guess is too low.')
    elif guess > secretNumber:
        print('Your guess is too high.')
    else:
        break # This condition is the correct guess!
    
if guess == secretNumber:
    print('Good job! You guessed my number in ' + str(guessesTaken) + ' guesses!')
else:
    print('Nope. The number I was thinking of was ' + str(secretNumber))

2.石头(rock)、剪刀(scissors)、布(paper)

import random, sys

print('ROCK, PAPER, SCISSORS')

# These variables keep track of the number of wins, losses, and ties.
wins = 0
losses = 0
ties = 0
while True: # The main game loop.
    print('%s Wins, %s Losses, %s Ties' % (wins, losses, ties))
    while True: # The player input loop.
        print('Enter your move: (r)ock (p)aper (s)cissors or (q)uit')
        playerMove = input()
        if playerMove == 'q':
            sys.exit() # Quit the program
        if playerMove == 'r' or playerMove == 'p' or playerMove == 's':
            break # Break out of the player input loop.
        print('Type one of r, p, s, or q.')
    # Display what the player chose:
    if playerMove == 'r':
        print('ROCK versus...')
    elif playerMove == 'p':
        print('PAPER versus...')
    elif playerMove == 's':
        print('SCISSORS versus...')
    
    # Display what the computer chose:
    randomNumber = random.randint(1, 3)
    if randomNumber == 1:
        computerMove = 'r'
        print('ROCK')
    elif randomNumber == 2:
        computerMove = 'p'
        print('PAPER')
    elif randomNumber == 3:
        computerMove = 's'
        print('SCISSORS')
    
    # Display and record the win/loss/tie:
    if playerMove == computerMove:
        print('It is a tie!')
        ties = ties + 1
    elif playerMove == 'r' and computerMove == 's':
        print('You win!')
        wins = wins + 1
    elif playerMove == 'p' and computerMove == 'r':
        print('You win!')
        wins = wins + 1
    elif playerMove == 's' and computerMove == 'p':
        print('You win!')
        wins = wins + 1
    elif playerMove == 'r' and computerMove == 'p':
        print('You lose!')
        losses = losses + 1
    elif playerMove == 'p' and computerMove == 's':
        print('You lose!')
        losses = losses + 1
    elif playerMove == 's' and computerMove == 'r':
        print('You lose!')
        losses = losses + 1

3.Zigzag

运行Python程序的同时按Ctrl-C快捷键，Python会引发KeyboardInterrupt异常。

print()函数有可选的变元end和sep，分别指定在参数末尾输出什么，以及在参数之间输出什么来隔开它们。

import time, sys
indent = 0 # How many spaces to indent.
indentIncreasing = True # Whether the indentation is increasing or not.

try:
    while True: # The main program loop.
        print(' ' * indent, end='')
        print('********')
        time.sleep(0.1) # Pause for 1/10 of a second.
        
        if indentIncreasing:
            # Increase the number of spaces:
            indent = indent + 1
            if indent == 20:
                # Change direction:
                indentIncreasing = False
        else:
            # Decrease the number of spaces:
            indent = indent - 1
            if indent == 0:
                # Change direction:
                indentIncreasing = True
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    sys.exit()

4.Conway的生命游戏

Conway的“生命游戏”是细胞自动机的一个例子：一组规则控制由离散细胞组成的区域的行为。如果一个活的方块与两个或3个活的方块为邻，它在下一步将还是活的。如果一个死的方块正好有3个活的邻居，那么下一步它就会是活的。所有其他方块在下一步都会死亡或保持死亡。

对于活的方块，存储一个'#'字符串。

对于死的方块，存储一个' '空格字符串。

# Conway's Game of Life
import random, time, copy
WIDTH = 60
HEIGHT = 20

# Create a list of list for the cells:
nextCells = []
for x in range(WIDTH):
    column = [] # Create a new column.
    for y in range(HEIGHT):
        if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
            column.append('#') # Add a living cell.
        else:
            column.append(' ') # Add a dead cell.
    nextCells.append(column) # nextCells is a list of column lists.

while True: # Main program loop.
    print('\n\n\n\n\n') # Separate each step with newlines.
    currentCells = copy.deepcopy(nextCells)
    # Print currentCells on the screen:
    for y in range(HEIGHT):
        for x in range(WIDTH):
            print(currentCells[x][y], end='') # Print the # or space.
        print() # Print a newline at the end of the row.

# Calculate the next step's cells based on current step's cells:
for x in range(WIDTH):
    for y in range(HEIGHT):
        # Get neighboring coordinates:
        # '% WIDTH' ensures leftCoord is always between 0 and WIDTH - 1
        leftCoord = (x - 1) % WIDTH
        rightCoord = (x + 1) % WIDTH
        aboveCoord = (y - 1) % HEIGHT
        belowCoord = (y + 1) % HEIGHT
        
        # Count number of living neighbors:
        numNeighbors = 0
        if currentCells[leftCoord][aboveCoord] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Top-left neighbor is alive.
        if currentCells[x][aboveCoord] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Top neighbor is alive.
        if currentCells[rightCoord][aboveCoord] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Top-right neighbor is alive.
        if currentCells[leftCoord][y] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Left neighbor is alive.
        if currentCells[rightCoord][y] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Right neighbor is alive.
        if currentCells[leftCoord][belowCoord] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Bottom-left neighbor is alive.
        if currentCells[x][belowCoord] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Bottom neighbor is alive.
        if currentCells[rightCoord][belowCoord] == '#':
            numNeighbors += 1 # Bottom-right neighbor is alive.
        
        # Set cell based on Conway's Game of Life rules:
        if currentCells[x][y] == '#' and (numNeighbors == 2 or numNeighbors == 3):
            # Living cells with 2 or 3 neighbors stay alive:
            nextCells[x][y] = '#'
        elif currentCells[x][y] == ' ' and numNeighbors == 3:
            # Dead cells with 3 neighbors become alive:
            nextCells[x][y] = '#'
        else:
            # Everything else dies or stays dead:
            nextCells[x][y] = ' '
    time.sleep(1) #   Add a 1-second pause to reduce flickering.

5.Pig Latin

Pig Latin是一个傻乎乎的、可伪造的语言，它会改变英语单词。如果单词以元音开头，就在单词末尾添加yay。如果单词以辅音或辅音簇开头，那么该辅音或辅音簇会移至单词的末尾，然后加上ay。

# English to Pig Latin
print('Enter the English message to translate into Pig Latin:')
message = input()

VOWELS = ('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y')

pigLatin = [] # A list of the words in Pig Latin.
for word in message.split():
    # Separate the non-letters at the start of this word:
    prefixNonLetters = ''
    while len(word) > 00 and not word[0].isalpha():
        prefixNonLetters += word[0]
        word = word[1:]
    if len(word) == 0:
        pigLatin.append(prefixNonLetters)
        continue

    # Separate the non-letters at the end of this word:
    suffixNonLetters = ''
    while not word[-1].isalpha():
        suffixNonLetters += word[-1]
        word = word[:-1]

    # Remember if the word was in uppercase or title case.
    wasUpper = word.isupper()
    wasTitle = word.istitle()

    word = word.lower() # Make the word lowercase for translation.

    # Separate the consonants at the start of this word:
    prefixConsonants = ''
    while len(word) > 0 and not word[0] in VOWELS:
        prefixConsonants += word[0]
        word = word[1:]

    # Add the Pig Latin ending to the word:
    if prefixConsonants != '':
        word += prefixConsonants + 'ay'
    else:
        word += 'yay'

    # Set the word back to uppercase or title case:
    if wasUpper:
        word = word.upper()
    if wasTitle:
        word = word.title()

    # Add the non-letters back to the start or end of the word.
    pigLatin.append(prefixNonLetters + word + suffixNonLetters)

# Join all the words back together into a single string:
print(' '.join(pigLatin))