opencv--答题卡识别

答题卡识别

记得添加路径–image
D:/D/download/test_01.png
报错：

File "E:/Python/get_answer.py", line 89, in <module>
    cv2.drawContours(contours_img,cnts,-1,(0,0,255),3) 
cv2.error: OpenCV(4.2.0) C:\projects\opencv-python\opencv\modules\imgproc\src\drawing.cpp:2509: error: (-215:Assertion failed)

代码为：

# 轮廓检测
cnts = cv2.findContours(edged.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
	cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)[1]
cv2.drawContours(contours_img,cnts,-1,(0,0,255),3) 
cv_show('contours_img',contours_img)
docCnt = None

修改为：

# 轮廓检测
cnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(edged.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
	cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cv2.drawContours(contours_img,cnts,-1,(0,0,255),3) 
cv_show('contours_img',contours_img)
docCnt = None

具体原因是cv2.findContours（）函数在opencv2返回两个值：一个是轮廓本身contours，还有一个是每条轮廓对应的属性hierarchy。

# 导入工具包
import numpy as np
import argparse
import cv2
def order_points(pts):
	# 一共4个坐标点
	rect = np.zeros((4, 2), dtype = "float32")

	# 按顺序找到对应坐标0123分别是 左上，右上，右下，左下
	# 计算左上，右下
	s = pts.sum(axis = 1)
	rect[0] = pts[np.argmin(s)]
	rect[2] = pts[np.argmax(s)]

	# 计算右上和左下
	diff = np.diff(pts, axis = 1)
	rect[1] = pts[np.argmin(diff)]
	rect[3] = pts[np.argmax(diff)]

	return rect

def four_point_transform(image, pts):
	# 获取输入坐标点
	rect = order_points(pts)
	(tl, tr, br, bl) = rect

	# 计算输入的w和h值
	widthA = np.sqrt(((br[0] - bl[0]) ** 2) + ((br[1] - bl[1]) ** 2))
	widthB = np.sqrt(((tr[0] - tl[0]) ** 2) + ((tr[1] - tl[1]) ** 2))
	maxWidth = max(int(widthA), int(widthB))

	heightA = np.sqrt(((tr[0] - br[0]) ** 2) + ((tr[1] - br[1]) ** 2))
	heightB = np.sqrt(((tl[0] - bl[0]) ** 2) + ((tl[1] - bl[1]) ** 2))
	maxHeight = max(int(heightA), int(heightB))

	# 变换后对应坐标位置
	dst = np.array([
		[0, 0],
		[maxWidth - 1, 0],
		[maxWidth - 1, maxHeight - 1],
		[0, maxHeight - 1]], dtype = "float32")

	# 计算变换矩阵
	M = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(rect, dst)
	warped = cv2.warpPerspective(image, M, (maxWidth, maxHeight))

	# 返回变换后结果
	return warped
def sort_contours(cnts, method="left-to-right"):
    reverse = False
    i = 0
    if method == "right-to-left" or method == "bottom-to-top":
        reverse = True
    if method == "top-to-bottom" or method == "bottom-to-top":
        i = 1
    boundingBoxes = [cv2.boundingRect(c) for c in cnts]
    (cnts, boundingBoxes) = zip(*sorted(zip(cnts, boundingBoxes),
                                        key=lambda b: b[1][i], reverse=reverse))
    return cnts, boundingBoxes
def cv_show(name,img):
    cv2.imshow(name, img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

'''下面为主函数'''
if __name__ == "__main__":
	# 设置参数
	ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
	ap.add_argument("-i", "--image", required=True,
		help="path to the input image")
	args = vars(ap.parse_args())

	# 正确答案
	ANSWER_KEY = {0: 1, 1: 4, 2: 0, 3: 3, 4: 1}

	# 1.预处理
	image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
	contours_img = image.copy()
	gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
	blurred = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, (5, 5), 0)
	cv_show('blurred',blurred)
	edged = cv2.Canny(blurred, 75, 200)
	cv_show('edged',edged)

	# 2.轮廓检测
	# 轮廓检测
	cnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(edged.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
									   cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
	cv2.drawContours(contours_img, cnts, -1, (0, 0, 255), 3)
	cv_show('contours_img', contours_img)
	docCnt = None
	# 3.确保检测到了
	if len(cnts) > 0:
		# 根据轮廓大小进行排序
		cnts = sorted(cnts, key=cv2.contourArea, reverse=True)

		# 遍历每一个轮廓
		for c in cnts:
			# 近似
			peri = cv2.arcLength(c, True)
			approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(c, 0.02 * peri, True)

			# 准备做透视变换
			if len(approx) == 4:
				docCnt = approx
				break

	# 4.执行透视变换
	warped = four_point_transform(gray, docCnt.reshape(4, 2))
	cv_show('warped',warped)
	# 5.Otsu's 阈值处理
	thresh = cv2.threshold(warped, 0, 255,
		cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
	cv_show('thresh',thresh)

	thresh_Contours = thresh.copy()
	# 6.找到所有轮廓
	cnts,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
		cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
	cv2.drawContours(thresh_Contours,cnts,-1,(0,0,255),3)
	cv_show('thresh_Contours',thresh_Contours)
	questionCnts = []

	# 7.遍历所有圆圈轮廓(包括干扰项) 筛选出答题区域的圆
	for c in cnts:
		# 计算比例和大小
		(x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
		ar = w / float(h)

		# 根据实际情况指定标准	-- 过滤操作
		if w >= 20 and h >= 20 and ar >= 0.9 and ar <= 1.1:
			questionCnts.append(c)

	# 8.按照从上到下进行排序
	questionCnts = sort_contours(questionCnts,
		method="top-to-bottom")[0]
	correct = 0

	# 9.每行的5个选项 分别比对正确答案
	for (q, i) in enumerate(np.arange(0, len(questionCnts), 5)):
		# 9.1排序
		cnts = sort_contours(questionCnts[i:i + 5])[0]
		bubbled = None

		# 9.2 遍历每一个结果
		for (j, c) in enumerate(cnts):
			# 9.2.1 使用mask来判断结果
			mask = np.zeros(thresh.shape, dtype="uint8")
			cv2.drawContours(mask, [c], -1, 255, -1) #-1表示填充
			# cv_show('mask',mask)
			# 9.2.2 通过计算非零点数量来算是否选择这个答案
			mask = cv2.bitwise_and(thresh, thresh, mask=mask)
			total = cv2.countNonZero(mask)

			# 9.2.3 通过阈值判断
			if bubbled is None or total > bubbled[0]:
				bubbled = (total, j)

		# 9.3 获取正确答案
		color = (0, 0, 255)
		k = ANSWER_KEY[q]

		# 9.4 对比答案 并 判断正确
		if k == bubbled[1]:
			color = (0, 255, 0)
			correct += 1

		# 9.5 绘图
		cv2.drawContours(warped, [cnts[k]], -1, color, 3)

	# 10.打印正确率
	score = (correct / 5.0) * 100
	print("[INFO] score: {:.2f}%".format(score))
	cv2.putText(warped, "{:.2f}%".format(score), (10, 30),
		cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.9, (0, 255, 0), 2)
	cv2.imshow("Original", image)
	cv2.imshow("Exam", warped)
	cv2.waitKey(0)