QT基础之【QLayout】基本布局类详解，示例源码

基本布局QLayout简介

QLayout是由具体类 QBoxLayout、QGridLayout、QFormLayout 和 QStackedLayout继承的抽象基类。

demo效果图

Qt的布局类

Qt的布局类使用手写的C++代码设计的，所以很容易理解和使用。

使用Qt Designer创建的界面生成的代码也使用了布局类。涉及用户界面开发时，Qt Designer非常有用，因为它避免了编译、链接、运行这样一个循环。

布局类详解

类名	描述
QBoxLayout	水平或垂直排列子控件
QButtonGroup	用于组织按钮控件组的容器
QFormLayout	管理输入控件和其相关的标签
QGraphicsAnchor	表示在QGraphicsAnchorLayout中两个项目之间的锚
QGraphicsAnchorLayout	可以在图形视图中将控件锚定在一起的布局
QGridLayout	网格布局
QGroupBox	带标题的分组框
QHBoxLayout	水平排列控件
QLayout	几何管理器的基类
QLayoutItem	QLayout 操作的抽象item
QSizePolicy	描述水平和垂直大小调整策略的布局属性
QSpacerItem	布局中的空间隔
QStackedLayout	堆栈布局，同一时间只有一个控件可见
QStackedWidget	堆栈窗体，同一时间只有一个控件可见
QVBoxLayout	垂直排列控件
QWidgetItem	表示一个控件的布局item

源码.h文件

#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H

#include <QDialog>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QComboBox>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include <QGridLayout>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Dialog; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class Dialog : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    Dialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Dialog();

private:
    QLabel* UserNameLable;
    QLabel* NameLable;
    QLabel* SexLable;
    QLabel* DepartmentLable;
    QLabel* AgeLable;
    QLabel* OtherLable;
    QLineEdit* UserNameEdit;
    QLineEdit* NameEdit;
    QTextEdit* DepartmentEdit;
    QLineEdit* AgeEdit;
    QComboBox* SexComboBox;
    QGridLayout* LeftLayout;
    //y右侧
    QLabel* HeadLable;
    QLabel* HeadIconLable;
    QLabel* InturetionLable;
    QPushButton* UpdateHeadBtn;
    QTextEdit* IntroduceEdit;
    QVBoxLayout* RightLayout;
    QHBoxLayout* TopRightLayout;
    //底部
    QPushButton* OkBtn;
    QPushButton* CancelBtn;
    QHBoxLayout* ButtonLayout;
private:
    Ui::Dialog *ui;
};
#endif // DIALOG_H

cpp文件

#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"
#include <qpushbutton.h>

Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)
    : QDialog(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    UserNameLable = new QLabel(tr("用户名:"));
    UserNameEdit = new QLineEdit;
    NameLable = new QLabel(tr("姓名:"));
    NameEdit = new QLineEdit;
    SexLable = new QLabel(tr("性别:"));
    SexComboBox = new QComboBox;
    SexComboBox->addItem(tr("女"));
    SexComboBox->addItem(tr("男"));
    DepartmentLable = new QLabel(tr("部门:"));
    DepartmentEdit = new QTextEdit;
    AgeLable = new QLabel(tr("年龄:"));
    AgeEdit = new QLineEdit;
    OtherLable = new QLabel(tr("备注:"));
    //备注的风格
    OtherLable->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Panel | QFrame:: Sunken);
    //左边网格布局
    LeftLayout = new QGridLayout();
    LeftLayout->addWidget(UserNameLable,0,0);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(UserNameEdit,0,1);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(NameLable,1,0);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(NameEdit,1,1);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(SexLable,2,0);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(SexComboBox,2,1);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(DepartmentLable,3,0);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(DepartmentEdit,3,1);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(AgeLable,4,0);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(AgeEdit,4,1);
    LeftLayout->addWidget(OtherLable,5,0,1,2);
    LeftLayout->setColumnStretch(0,1);
    LeftLayout->setColumnStretch(1,3);
    /************右侧************/
    HeadLable = new QLabel(tr("头像："));
    HeadIconLable = new QLabel;
    QPixmap icon("321.jpg");
    //HeadIconLable->setPixmap(icon);
    UpdateHeadBtn = new QPushButton(tr("更新"));
    InturetionLable = new QLabel(tr("个人说明："));
    IntroduceEdit = new QTextEdit;
    /***********右侧布局**********/
    TopRightLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
    TopRightLayout->setSpacing(20);
    TopRightLayout->addWidget(HeadLable);
    TopRightLayout->addWidget(HeadIconLable);
    TopRightLayout->addWidget(UpdateHeadBtn);
    /**********整体垂直布局**********/
    RightLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
    RightLayout->setMargin(10);
    RightLayout->addLayout(TopRightLayout);
    RightLayout->addWidget(InturetionLable);
    RightLayout->addWidget(IntroduceEdit);
    //底部
    OkBtn = new QPushButton(tr("确定"));
    CancelBtn = new QPushButton(tr("取消"));
    ButtonLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
    //占位符，保证按钮靠右对齐，并且窗口变换，按钮不发生改变
    ButtonLayout->addStretch();
    ButtonLayout->addWidget(OkBtn);
    ButtonLayout->addWidget(CancelBtn);
    /********************************/
    QGridLayout* mainLayout = new QGridLayout(this);
    mainLayout->setMargin(15);
    mainLayout->setSpacing(10);
    mainLayout->addLayout(LeftLayout,0,0);
    mainLayout->addLayout(RightLayout,0,1);
    mainLayout->addLayout(ButtonLayout,1,0,1,2);
    mainLayout->setSizeConstraint(QLayout::SetFixedSize);
}
Dialog::~Dialog()
{
    delete ui;
}