string的实现

class string
	{
	public:
		typedef char* iterator;
		//迭代器
		iterator begin()
		{
			return _str;
		}

		iterator end()
		{
			return _str + _size;
		}
		//构造函数
		string(const char* str="")
		{
			_size = strlen(str);
			_capacity = _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
		
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}
		//析构函数
		~string()
		{
			delete[] _str;
			_str = nullptr;
			_size = _capacity = 0;
		}
		拷贝构造（深拷贝）
		string(const string& s)
		{
			_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
			_capacity = s._capacity;
			_size = s._size;
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
		}
		
		string& operator=(const string& s)
		{
			if (this != &s)
			{
				char* tmp = new char[s._capacity+1];
				strcpy(tmp, s._str);
				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;
				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;
			}
			return *this;
		}
		//返回字符串地址，适配c
		const char* c_str()
		{
			return _str;
		}
		
		size_t size() const
		{
			return _size;
		}

		char& operator[](size_t pos)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		}

		char& operator[](size_t pos) const
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		}

		void reserve(size_t n)
		{
			if (n > _capacity)
			{
				char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, _str);
				delete []_str;
				_str = tmp;
				_capacity = n;
			}
		}

		void resize(size_t n, char ch = '\0')
		{
			if (n > _size)
			{
				reserve(n);
				for (size_t i = _size; i < n; i++)
				{
					_str[i] = ch;
				}
				_size = n;
				_str[_size] = '\0';
			}
			else
			{
				_str[n] = '0';
				_size = n;
			}
		}
		void push_back(char ch)
		{
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 1 : _capacity;
				reserve(newcapacity * 2);
			}

			_str[_size] = ch;
			++_size;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}

		void append(const char* str)
		{
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size+len);
			}
			strcpy(_str + _size, str);
			_size += len;
		}

		string& operator+=(char ch)
		{
			push_back(ch);
			return *this;
		}

		string& operator+=(const char* str)
		{
			append(str);
			return *this;
		}

		string& insert(size_t pos, char ch)
		{
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 1 : _capacity;
				reserve(newcapacity * 2);
			}

			size_t end = _size+1;
			while (end > pos)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
				--end;
			}

			_str[pos] = ch;
			_size++;
			return *this;

		}	
		
		string& insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
		{
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size + len);
			}
			size_t end = _size + len;
			while (end > len + pos - 1)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end - len];
				--end;
			}

			strncpy(_str + pos, str, len);
			_size += len;
			return *this;
		}

		string erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			if (len == npos || len >= _size - pos)
			{
				_str[pos] = '\0';
				_size = pos;
			}
			else
			{
				strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
				_size -= len;
			}
			return *this;
		}

		size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0) const
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			while (pos < _size)
			{
				if (_str[pos] == ch)
				{
					return pos;
				}
				pos++;
			}
			return npos;
		}

		size_t find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0) const
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			const char* ptr = strstr(_str + pos, str);
			if (ptr == nullptr)
			{
				return npos;
			}
			else
			{
				return ptr - _str;
			}
		}

		void clear()
		{
			_size = 0;
			_str[0] = '\0';
		}

	private:
		char* _str;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _capacity;

		const static size_t npos = -1;
	};
	```