多线程---并发运行--互斥锁的应用

目录

进程和线程的区别

互斥锁和条件变量的应用

变形：依次用a b c三个函数打印1 2 3 4 ... ...100

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进程和线程的区别

进程可以创建多个线程

线程共享的资源：代码，数据，堆

栈给线程独立分配内存

就绪、执行、阻塞

创建线程：std::thread tha(world_thread);

条件变量与互斥锁的关系

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
bool ready = false;

void word_thread()
{
	cout << "word_thread begin" << endl;
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);//(持有)获得锁  //mtx.lock();
	while (!ready)
	{
		//用if(!ready)可能出出现虚假唤醒？
		//解决用while(!reaady){}
		cout<<"ready==false" << endl;
		cv.wait(lock);//主动进入条件队列
		//lock持有的锁释放->unlock
		//当前线程阻塞
		//等待唤醒//mtx.lock
		//返回锁
	}
	cout << "run" << endl;
	cout << "end" << endl;
}
void func()
{
	cv.notify_one();//唤醒
}

int main()
{
	std::thread tha (word_thread);
	{
		std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2));
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
		ready = true;
		//唤醒条件队列中的线程
        cv.notify_one();//唤醒
	}
	ready = true;
	tha.join();
	return 0;
}

互斥锁和条件变量的应用

//目标：依次打印A、B、C
std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
const int n = 10;
int tag = 1;//状态变量//1:A    2:B     3:C
void funa()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
		while (tag != 1)
		{
			cv.wait(lock);
		}
		printf("funa:A\n");
		printf("%d", i);
		tag = 2;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
void funb()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
		while (tag != 2)
		{
			cv.wait(lock);
		}
		printf("funa:B\n");
		tag = 3;
		printf("%d", i);
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
void func()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
		while (tag != 3)
		{
			cv.wait(lock);
		}
		printf("funa:C\n");
		printf("%d", i);
		tag = 1;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
int main()
{
	std::thread tha(funa);
	std::thread thb(funb);
	std::thread thc(func);
	tha.join();
	thb.join();
	thc.join();
	return 0;
}

变形：依次用a b c三个函数打印1 2 3 4 ... ...100

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
const int n = 10;
int tag = 1;//状态变量//1:A    2:B     3:C
int k = 1;
void funa()
{
	while (k<=100)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
		while (tag != 1)
		{
			cv.wait(lock);
		}
		if (k <= 100)
		printf("funa:%d\n",k);
		k++;
		tag = 2;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
void funb()
{
	while(k<=100)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
		while (tag != 2)
		{
			cv.wait(lock);
		}
		if (k <= 100)
		printf("funb:%d\n",k);
		k++;
		tag = 3;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
void func()
{
	while(k<=100)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
		while (tag != 3)
		{
			cv.wait(lock);
		}
		if(k<=100)
		printf("func:%d\n",k);
		k++;
		tag = 1;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
int main()
{
	std::thread tha(funa);
	std::thread thb(funb);
	std::thread thc(func);
	tha.join();
	thb.join();
	thc.join();
	return 0;
}