Python3 爬虫； Beautiful Soup 解析库的使用；

_文书先生

已于 2024-03-30 18:25:32 修改

阅读量191

点赞数 1

文章标签：爬虫

于 2024-03-30 16:10:40 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_72458808/article/details/137173879

版权

beautiful soup 解析库的使用也是相当简单的。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup('<p>Hello</p>', 'lxml')

# Hello
print(soup.p.string)

安装：

如要使用beautiful soup 这个解析库，请确保已经安装了 beautiful soup 和 lxml 这两个库。

pip install beautifulsoup4
pip install lxml

基本使用：

html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.prettify())
print(soup.title.string)

节点选择器：

直接调用节点的名称即可选择节点，然后调用string方法就可以得到节点内的文本内容了，

html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.title)
print(type(soup.title))
print(soup.title.string)
print(soup.head)
print(soup.p)

获取名称：

使用name 属性可以获取节点的名称

print(soup.title.name)

获取属性：

一个节点可以拥有多个属性，例如， id, class, name 等，选择这个节点元素后，可以调用 attrs 属性来获取其所有的属性值：

print(soup.attrs)
print(soup.attrs['name'])

还有一个更为简单的方式，就是直接在选择的节点后加中括号，然后传入要选择的属性即可

print(soup.p['class'])

关联选择：

有时候，我们不能一步就选择到想要的节点，例如：我们先选择一个节点，然后以此节点为基础的情况下，选择他的子节点，父节点，兄弟节点等。

子节点和子孙节点：

当我们选择一个节点后，如果想要获取它的直接子节点，则需要调用contents 属性：

html = """
<html>
    <head>
        <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p class="story">
            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
            <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
                <span>Elsie</span>
            </a>
            <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
            and
            <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
            and they lived at the bottom of a well.
        </p>
        <p class="story">...</p>
"""

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.contents)

可以发现，返回的是一个列表，这个列表中，既包括了节点信息。

同样，可以调用children 属性来获取相应的结果：

html = """
<html>
    <head>
        <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p class="story">
            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
            <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
                <span>Elsie</span>
            </a>
            <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
            and
            <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
            and they lived at the bottom of a well.
        </p>
        <p class="story">...</p>
"""

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.children)
for i, child in enumerate(soup.p.children):
    print(i, child)

如果想要得到所有的子孙节点，可以调用 descendants 属性

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.descendants)
for i, child in enumerate(soup.p.descendants):
    print(i, child)

父节点和祖先节点：

获取某个节点的父节点，则需要调用parent 属性

html = """
<html>
    <head>
        <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p class="story">
            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
            <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
                <span>Elsie</span>
            </a>
        </p>
        <p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.a.parent)

需要注意的是，这里获取的是 a 节点的直接父节点，如果想继续向上获取，例如，获取祖先节点，则需要调用 parents 属性

兄弟节点：

_文书先生

关注

1
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
打赏
0
评论
Python3 爬虫； Beautiful Soup 解析库的使用；

beautiful soup 解析库的使用也是相当简单的。安装：如要使用beautiful soup 这个解析库，请确保已经安装了 beautiful soup 和 lxml 这两个库。
复制链接

扫一扫