7-1 jmu-Java-03面向对象基础-02-构造方法与初始化块

1.定义一个Person类

属性：String name, boolean gender, int age, int id ,所有的变量必须为私有(private)。
无参构造函数:Person(), 功能：打印This is constructor 。
有参构造函数:Person(name, gender, age)  ，功能：给属性赋值。
建议：使用Eclipse自动生成toString方法

2.定义类的初始化块

为Person类加入初始化块，在初始化块中对id属性赋值，并且要保证每次的值比上次创建的对象的值+1。然后在下一行打印This is initialization block, id is ... 其中...是id的值。
提示：可为Person类定义一个static属性来记录所创建的对象个数。

3.编写静态初始化块

打印This is static initialization block

4.编写main方法

• 首先输入n，代表要创建的对象数量。
• 然后从控制台分别读取n行的name age gender, 并调用有参构造函数Person(name, age, gender)新建对象 。
• 将创建好的n个对象逆序输出(即输出toString()方法)。
• 使用无参构造函数新建一个Person对象，然后直接打印该对象。

思考

初始化类与对象有几种方法，构造函数、初始化块、静态初始化块。这三种方法执行的先后顺序是什么？各执行几次。

输入样例:

3
a 11 false
b 12 true
c 10 false

输出样例:

This is static initialization block
This is initialization block, id is 0
This is initialization block, id is 1
This is initialization block, id is 2
Person [name=c, age=10, gender=false, id=2]
Person [name=b, age=12, gender=true, id=1]
Person [name=a, age=11, gender=false, id=0]
This is initialization block, id is 3
This is constructor
null,0,false,3
Person [name=null, age=0, gender=false, id=3]

答案

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = sc.nextInt();
        Person[] person = new Person[n];
        for (int i = person.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            String name = sc.next();
            int age = sc.nextInt();
            boolean gender = sc.nextBoolean();
            Person p = new Person(name,age,gender);
            person[i] = p;
        }
        for (Person per: person) {
            System.out.println(per);
        }
        Person person1 = new Person();
        System.out.println(person1.toString());
    }
}

class Person {
    private String name;
    private boolean gender;
    private int age;
    private int id;
    private static int count = 0;
    {
        setId(count++);
        System.out.println("This is initialization block, id is " + id);
    }
    static {
        System.out.println("This is static initialization block");
    }
    public Person() {
        System.out.println("This is constructor");
        System.out.println(name+","+age+","+gender+","+id);
    }
    public Person(String name, int age, boolean gender) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public boolean isGender() {
        return gender;
    }
    public void setGender(boolean gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [" +
                "name=" + name +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender=" + gender +
                ", id=" + id +
                ']';
    }
}