Sharding-JDBC是ShardingSphere的第一个产品,也是ShardingSphere的前身。 它定位为轻量级Java框架,在Java的JDBC层提供的额外服务。它使用客户端直连数据库,以jar包形式提供服务,无需额外部署和依赖,可理解为增强版的JDBC驱动,完全兼容JDBC和各种ORM框架。
适用于任何基于JDBC的ORM框架,如:JPA, Hibernate, Mybatis, Spring JDBC Template或直接使用JDBC。
支持任何第三方的数据库连接池,如:DBCP, C3P0, BoneCP, Druid, HikariCP等。
支持任意实现JDBC规范的数据库。目前支持MySQL,Oracle,SQLServer,PostgreSQL以及任何遵循SQL92标准的数据库。
1、环境构建
1.创建一个springboot项目
2.导入如下依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shardingsphere_demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>shardingsphere_demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>4.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、sharding-jdbc实现水平分表
1.创建sharding_sphere数据库
2.在数据库中创建两张表,orders_1和orders_2
3.分片规则:如果订单编号是偶数添加到orders_1,如果是奇数添加到orders_2
4.创建实体类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean;
public class Orders {
private Integer id;
private Integer orderType;
private Integer customerId;
private Double amount;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Integer getOrderType() {
return orderType;
}
public void setOrderType(Integer orderType) {
this.orderType = orderType;
}
public Integer getCustomerId() {
return customerId;
}
public void setCustomerId(Integer customerId) {
this.customerId = customerId;
}
public Double getAmount() {
return amount;
}
public void setAmount(Double amount) {
this.amount = amount;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Orders{" +
"id=" + id +
", orderType=" + orderType +
", customerId=" + customerId +
", amount=" + amount +
'}';
}
}
5、创建mapper类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Orders;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
@Mapper
public interface OrdersMapper {
@Insert("insert into orders(id,order_type,customer_id,amount) values(#{id},#{orderType},#{customerId},#{amount})")
public void insert(Orders orders);
@Select("select * from orders where id = #{id}")
@Results({
@Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
@Result(property = "orderType",column = "order_type"),
@Result(property = "customerId",column = "customer_id"),
@Result(property = "amount",column = "amount")
})
public Orders selectOne(Integer id);
}
6、创建配置文件
#整合mybatis
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.ityml.mapper
#配置数据源的名称
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1
#配置数据源的具体内容,
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.111:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
#指定orders表的分布情况,配置表在哪个数据库中,表名称是什么
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.actual-data-nodes=ds1.orders_$->{1..2}
#指定orders表里主键id生成策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
#指定分片策略。根据id的奇偶性来判断插入到哪个表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=orders_${id%2+1}
#打开sql输出日志
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true
7、创建测试类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Orders;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.OrdersMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private OrdersMapper ordersMapper;
@Test
public void addOrders(){
for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
Orders orders = new Orders();
orders.setId(i);
orders.setCustomerId(i);
orders.setOrderType(i);
orders.setAmount(1000.0*i);
ordersMapper.insert(orders);
}
}
@Test
public void queryOrders(){
Orders orders = ordersMapper.selectOne(1);
System.out.println(orders);
}
}
3、sharding-jdbc实现水平分库
1.在不同的数据节点node01,node02上创建不同名称的数据库:sharding_sphere_1,sharding_sphere_2
2.在两个数据库上创建相同的表orders_1,orders_2
3.分片规则,按照customer_id的奇偶性来进行分库,然后按照id的奇偶性进行分表
4.修改配置文件
# 配置不同的数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
#配置ds1数据源的基本信息
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.111:3306/sharding_sphere_1?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
#配置ds2数据源的基本信息
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.112:3306/sharding_sphere_2?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456
#指定数据库的分布情况
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{1..2}.orders_$->{1..2}
#指定orders表的主键生成策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
#指定表分片策略,根据id的奇偶性来添加到不同的表中
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=orders_$->{id%2+1}
#指定库分片策略,根据customer_id的奇偶性来添加到不同的库中
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=customer_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{customer_id%2+1}
#打开sql输出日志
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true
5、修改mapper类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Orders;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
@Mapper
public interface OrdersMapper {
@Insert("insert into orders(id,order_type,customer_id,amount) values(#{id},#{orderType},#{customerId},#{amount})")
public void insert(Orders orders);
@Select("select * from orders where id = #{id}")
@Results({
@Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
@Result(property = "orderType",column = "order_type"),
@Result(property = "customerId",column = "customer_id"),
@Result(property = "amount",column = "amount")
})
public Orders selectOne(Integer id);
@Select("select * from orders where id = #{id} and customer_id=#{customerId}")
@Results({
@Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
@Result(property = "orderType",column = "order_type"),
@Result(property = "customerId",column = "customer_id"),
@Result(property = "amount",column = "amount")
})
public Orders selectOneDB(Orders orders);
}
6、编写测试类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Orders;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.OrdersMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Order;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.util.Random;
@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private OrdersMapper ordersMapper;
@Test
public void addOrdersDB(){
for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
Orders orders = new Orders();
orders.setId(i);
orders.setCustomerId(new Random().nextInt(10));
orders.setOrderType(i);
orders.setAmount(1000.0*i);
ordersMapper.insert(orders);
}
}
@Test
public void queryOrdersDB(){
Orders orders = new Orders();
orders.setCustomerId(7);
orders.setId(7);
Orders o = ordersMapper.selectOneDB(orders);
System.out.println(o);
}
}
4、sharding-jdbc实现垂直分库
1.在不同的数据节点node01,node02创建相同的库sharding_sphere
2.在node01上创建orders表,在node02上创建customer表
3.分片规则:将不同的表插入到不同的库中
4.编写customer类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean;
public class Customer {
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
5、编写customerMapper类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Customer;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface CustomerMapper {
@Insert("insert into customer(id,name) values(#{id},#{name})")
public void insertCustomer(Customer customer);
}
6、修改配置文件
#配置数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
#配置第一个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.111:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
#配置第二个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.112:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456
#配置orders表所在的数据节点
#spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order.actual-data-nodes=ds1.orders
#配置customer表所在的数据节点
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.actual-data-nodes=ds2.customer
#customer表的主键生成策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
#指定分片的策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=customer
#显示sql
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true
7、编写测试类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Customer;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Orders;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.CustomerMapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.OrdersMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Order;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.util.Random;
@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private CustomerMapper customerMapper;
@Test
public void insertCustomer(){
for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) {
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setId(i);
customer.setName("zs"+i);
customerMapper.insertCustomer(customer);
}
}
}
5、sharding-jdbc公共表
之前我们在学习mycat的时候接触过字典表的概念,其实在shardingsphere中也有类似的概念,只不过名字叫做公共表,也就是需要在各个库中都存在的表,方便做某些关联查询。
1.在不同节点的库上创建相同的表
2.分片规则:公共表表示所有的库都具备相同的表
3.创建实体类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean;
public class DictOrderType {
private Integer id;
private String orderType;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getOrderType() {
return orderType;
}
public void setOrderType(String orderType) {
this.orderType = orderType;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DictOrderType{" +
"id=" + id +
", orderType='" + orderType + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
4.创建DictOrderTypeMapper文件
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.DictOrderType;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface DictOrderTypeMapper {
@Insert("insert into dict_order_type(id,order_type) values(#{id},#{orderType})")
public void insertDictOrderType(DictOrderType dictOrderType);
@Delete("delete from dict_order_type where id = #{id}")
public void DeleteDictOrderType(Integer id);
}
5.修改配置文件
#配置数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
#配置第一个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.111:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
#配置第二个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.112:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456
#配置公共表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=dict_order_type
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.dict_order_type.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.dict_order_type.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
6.编写测试类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Customer;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.DictOrderType;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Orders;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.CustomerMapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.DictOrderTypeMapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.OrdersMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Order;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.util.Random;
@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private DictOrderTypeMapper dictOrderTypeMapper;
@Test
public void insertDictOrderType(){
for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) {
DictOrderType dictOrderType = new DictOrderType();
dictOrderType.setOrderType("orderType"+i);
dictOrderTypeMapper.insertDictOrderType(dictOrderType);
}
}
@Test
public void deleteDictOrderType(){
dictOrderTypeMapper.DeleteDictOrderType(1);
}
}
6、sharding-jdbc实现读写分离
读写分离的概念大家应该已经很熟练了,此处不在赘述,下面我们通过sharding-jdbc来实现读写分离,其实大家应该已经发现了,所有的操作都是配置问题,下面我们来讲一下具体的配置,关于读写分离的原理,以及如何配置mysql的主从复制,我们就不在多聊了,直接看sharding-jdbc的配置。
1.我们规定ds1为写库,ds2为读库
2.创建person类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean;
public class Person {
private Long id;
private String name;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
3.创建personMapper类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Person;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface PersonMapper {
@Insert("insert into person(id,name) values(#{id},#{name})")
public void insertPerson(Person person);
@Select("select * from person where id = #{id}")
public Person queryPerson(Long id);
}
4.修改配置文件
#配置数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
#配置第一个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.111:3306/shardingsphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
#配置第二个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.85.112:3306/shardingsphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456
#主库从库逻辑定义
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.name=ms
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.master-data-source-name=ds1
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.slave-data-source-names=ds2
#显示执行的sql
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true
5.编写测试类
package com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Customer;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.DictOrderType;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Orders;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.bean.Person;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.CustomerMapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.DictOrderTypeMapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.OrdersMapper;
import com.ityml.shardingsphere_demo.mapper.PersonMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Order;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.util.Random;
@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private PersonMapper personMapper;
@Test
public void insertPerson(){
Person person = new Person();
person.setId(1l);
person.setName("zhangsan");
personMapper.insertPerson(person);
}
@Test
public void queryPerson(){
Person person = personMapper.queryPerson(1l);
System.out.println(person);
}
}