07-类和对象

1.static成员变量（声明和定义）：

class Date
{
public:
	Date()
		:_year(10)
	{

	}
	void Print()
	{
		cout << _year << "-" << _mouth << "-" << _day << endl;
	}

private:
	//C++11
	//声明时给缺省值
	int _year=0;
	int _mouth=1;
	int _day=1;
    //类里面声明
	static int n;
};
//在类外面定义
int Date::n = 1;
int main()
{
	Date d1;
	return 0;
}

 2.友元：类外函数想要访问成员变量

class Date
{
	friend void f(Date& d);//友元函数
public:
	void Print()
	{
		cout << _year << "-" << _mouth << "-" << _day << endl;
	}

private:
	int _year=0;
	int _mouth=1;
	int _day=1;
};
void f(Date& d)
{
	d._year = 10;
	cout << d._year << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Date d1;
	d1.Print();

	return 0;
}

 3.运算符重载<<    >>   的友元函数：

class Date
{
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d);
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, Date& d);
public:
	Date(int year = 0, int mouth = 1, int day = 1)
		:_year(year)
		,_mouth(mouth)
		,_day(day)
	{

	}
	//第一种方式
	/*void operator << (ostream & out)
	{
		out << _year << "/" << _mouth << "/" << _day << endl;
	}*/
private:
	int _year = 0;
	int _mouth = 1;
	int _day = 1;
};
//第二种方式
ostream & operator << (ostream& out,Date& d)
{
	out <<d. _year << "/" << d._mouth << "/" <<d. _day << endl;
	return out;
}
//cout->ostream
//cin->istream
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d)
{
	in >> d._year >> d._mouth >> d._day ;
	return in;
}
int main()
{
	Date d1(2020,4,20);
	Date d2(2020, 4, 21);
	cout << d1 << d2 << endl;
	//第二种方式
	cout << d1;//operator<<(cout,d1)
	//第一种方式
	//d.operator<<(cout);
	//d1 << cout;//d1.operator<<(cout);

	int i = 0, j = 0;
	cout << i << j << endl;
	cin >> d1 >> d2;


	int x = 1;
	double y = 1.11;
	//为什么能自动识别类型，因为函数重载调用的是不同的函数
	cout << x;//cout.operator(&cout,x);
	cout << y;//cout.operator(&cout,x);
	return 0;
}

4.友元类： 

class Time
{
	friend class Date;//声明日期类为时间类的友元类，则在日期类中就直接访问Time类中的私有成员
public:
	Time(int hour = 0, int minute = 0, int second = 0)
		:_hour(hour)
		,_minute(minute)
		,_second(second)
	{}

private:
	int _hour;
	int _minute;
	int _second;
};
class Date
{
public:
	Date(int year=1900,int mouth=1,int day=0)
		:_year(year)
		,_mouth(mouth)
		,_day(day)
	{}
	void SetTimeOfDate(int hour, int minute, int second)
	{
		//直接访问时间类的私有的成员变量
		_t._hour = hour;
		_t._minute = minute;
		_t._second = second;
	}

private:
	int _year;
	int _mouth;
	int _day;
	Time _t;
};

int main()
{


	return 0;
}