结构体的知识点

结构体的定义：

​
struct 变量名

{
  类型 变量名；
  ...

}；

​

创建结构体变量的三种方法：

#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	string name;
	int weight;
	int length;
}A3;//(顺便创建结构体！！)

int mian()
{
	//方式1.创建结构体+赋值
	struct student A1;
	A1.length = 160;
	A1.name = "lily";
	A1.weight = 45;
	//方式2.直接 创建赋值
	struct student A2 = { "姚莉",167,46 };
	//3.顺便创建结构体
	A3.length = 177;A3.name = "yuyu";A3.weight = 67;

	system("pause");
	return 0;


}

赋值时，用符号 . 访问

结构体数组：定义，创建，赋值，遍历

如：

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
//定义结构体数组
struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	int grade;
};
int main()
{
	//创建结构体数组
	struct student stuArr[4] = {
		{"liyu",12,2} ,{"黎明",11,1}, {"tity",14,4} ,{"kiky",17,7} };
	//赋值或更改
	stuArr[2].name = "TiTy";
	stuArr[2].age = 16;
	stuArr[2].grade = 6;
	//遍历
	for(int i = 0;i < 4;i++)
	{
		cout << "name:" << stuArr[i].name
		     << " age:" << stuArr[i].grade
			 << " grade:" << stuArr[i].age<<endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结构体指针_指针指向，指针访问

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
	string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main()
{
	//创建结构体变量
	student S1 = { "lily",15,97 };
	//通过指针指向结构体变量
	student* p = &S1;
	//指针访问结构体变量中的属性
	cout << "name: " << p->name <<"  age:"<< p->age <<"  score:"<< p->score << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结构体可以通过  ->  对结构体变量进行访问。

结构体嵌套结构体

作用：结构体中的成员越是结构体。（套娃）

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};
struct teacher
{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
	struct student S;
};
int main()
{
   //创建teacher结构体
	//struct teacher tea;
	teacher tea;
	//赋值
	tea.name = "lily";
	tea.age = 76;
	tea.score = 100;
	tea.S.name = "taizi";
	tea.S.age = 13;
	tea.S.score = 98;
	//访问
	cout << "老师的名字：" << tea.name << "  老师的年龄：" << tea.age << "  老师的分数：" << tea.score << "  老师指导的学生的名字：" << tea.S.name << "  年龄："
		<< tea.S.age << "  分数:" << tea.S.score << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

结构体做函数参数

#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};
void str(student S)
{
	S.age = 12;
	S.name = "haotian";
	S.score = 88;
	cout << S.age <<" " << S.name<<" " << S.score << endl;
}
void str1(student *S)
//将函数中的形参改为指针，可以减少内存空间，而且不会复制新的副本出来 
{
	S->age = 17;
	S->name = "ziyang";
	S->score = 90;
	cout << S->age<< " " << S->name << " " << S->score << endl;
}
int main()
{
	student A;
	A.age = 1;
	A.name = "ziyue";
	A.score = 87;
	str(A);//传值 ——不变实参 
	//str1(&A);//传址 —改变实参 
	cout << A.age << " " << A.name << " " << A.score << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

结构体中的const使用场景

const：防止误改

例子：

void str(const student *S)
{
 S->age=12;//加入const之后，一旦修改就会报错，可以防止误操作
}